Cognitive and neural aspects of information processing in major depressive disorder: an integrative perspective.
Cognitive and neural aspects of information processing in major depressive disorder: an integrative perspective.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00489
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gotlib IH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foland-Ross LC;Gotlib IH
使用实验范式来检查认知过程的研究人员已经证明，重度抑郁症（MDD）与认知功能的一般缺陷无关，而是与负价材料处理中的更具体异常有关。事实上，抑郁症的认知理论认为，信息处理中的负面偏见在影响抑郁症发作、维持和复发方面起着关键作用。在本文中，我们回顾了行为研究的结果，证明MDD与注意力脱离负价材料的特定困难，倾向于以消极的方式解释信息，在处理负面材料的认知控制缺陷，以及增强记忆的负面材料。为了更好地了解这些异常的神经生物学基础，我们还研究了抑郁症的功能性神经影像学研究结果，并表明有助于情绪处理，抑制和注意力的神经系统功能障碍可能是抑郁症患者认知缺陷的基础和原因。最后，我们简要回顾了来自抑郁症家族高风险儿童研究的证据，这些证据表明，在MDD发病前可观察到认知和神经功能异常，因此，可能是这种疾病发展的危险因素。通过整合抑郁症的认知和神经研究，我们不仅可以更全面地了解认知和生物因素如何相互作用以影响MDD的发作，维持和病程，而且还可以了解这些研究如何帮助制定预防和治疗这种衰弱性疾病的有针对性的策略。
Researchers using experimental paradigms to examine cognitive processes have demonstrated that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated not with a general deficit in cognitive functioning, but instead with more specific anomalies in the processing of negatively valenced material. Indeed, cognitive theories of depression posit that negative biases in the processing of information play a critical role in influencing the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes. In this paper we review findings from behavioral studies documenting that MDD is associated with specific difficulties in attentional disengagement from negatively valenced material, with tendencies to interpret information in a negative manner, with deficits in cognitive control in the processing of negative material, and with enhanced memory for negative material. To gain a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of these abnormalities, we also examine findings from functional neuroimaging studies of depression and show that dysfunction in neural systems that subserve emotion processing, inhibition, and attention may underlie and contribute to the deficits in cognition that have been documented in depressed individuals. Finally, we briefly review evidence from studies of children who are at high familial risk for depression that indicates that abnormalities in cognition and neural function are observable before the onset of MDD and, consequently, may represent a risk factor for the development of this disorder. By integrating research from cognitive and neural investigations of depression, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding not only of how cognitive and biological factors interact to affect the onset, maintenance, and course of MDD, but also of how such research can aid in the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of this debilitating disorder.
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