When Do States Disconnect Their Digital Networks? Regime Responses to the Political Uses of Social Media
When Do States Disconnect Their Digital Networks? Regime Responses to the Political Uses of Social Media
复制标题
各国何时断开其数字网络？
DOI：
10.1080/10714421.2011.597254
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hussain, Muzammil M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, Philip N.;Agarwal, Sheetal D.;Hussain, Muzammil M.
尽管有许多关于政权审查公民使用社交媒体的不同方式的研究，但完全关闭社交媒体的情况很少发生。然而，它发生在政治上最敏感的时期，对政治、经济和文化生活产生了广泛的-如果不是全球性的-后果。国家何时断开其数字网络，为什么？为了回答这个问题，作者建立了一个事件历史数据库，记录了一个政权不仅仅对特定网站或用户进行审查的事件。作者从多个来源，包括主要新闻媒体，专业新闻服务和国际专家，构建了一个包含566起事件的事件日志数据库。这个丰富的原始数据集允许对国家行动的条件进行细致入微的分析，作者对这种绝望行动的影响进行了一些评估。比较分析表明，民主和专制政权都禁止社交媒体网络引用对国家安全的担忧，保护权威人物，维护文化和宗教道德。民主国家为了保护儿童而禁止社交媒体，而专制政权也试图消除他们认为是社交媒体上的宣传。作者涵盖了1995-2011年期间，并在政权类型的基础上建立了一个接地类型学，国家实际上做了什么来干扰数字网络，为什么他们这样做，以及谁受到了影响。
Although there have been many studies of the different ways regimes censor the use of social media by their citizens, shutting off social media altogether is something that rarely happens. However, it happens at the most politically sensitive times and has widespread—if not global—consequences for political, economic and cultural life. When do states disconnect their digital networks, and why? To answer this question, the authors build an event history database of incidents in which a regime went beyond mere censorship of particular websites or users. The authors draw from multiple sources, including major news media, specialized news services, and international experts, to construct an event log database of 566 incidents. This rich, original dataset allows for a nuanced analysis of the conditions for state action, and the authors offer some assessment of the effect of such desperate action. Comparative analysis indicates that both democratic and authoritarian regimes disable social media networks for citing concerns about national security, protecting authority figures, and preserving cultural and religious morals. Whereas democracies disable social media with the goal of protecting children, authoritarian regimes also attempt to eliminate what they perceive as propaganda on social media. The authors cover the period 1995–2011 and build a grounded typology on the basis of regime type, what states actually did to interfere with digital networks, why they did it, and who was affected.
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