Plant regulatory lists in the United States are reactive and inconsistent
Plant regulatory lists in the United States are reactive and inconsistent
复制标题
美国的工厂监管清单是被动且不一致的
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13934
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bradley, Bethany A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beaury, Evelyn M.;Fusco, Emily J.;Allen, Jenica M.;Bradley, Bethany A.
全球入侵物种的引进正在增加，因此有必要在国内和跨国界采取协调一致的监管战略。虽然各州和国家使用植物法规来解决其独特的优先事项，但如果这些法规在政治边界上始终如一地颁布，并在入侵过程的早期主动限制传播，则这些法规最有可能减少入侵植物的引入和传播。此外，鉴于入侵物种即将出现的范围填充和大规模气候驱动的范围转移，统一的监管格局尤为重要。在美国，联邦和州法规限制数百种入侵和有毒植物分类群的引入和传播，以减少其负面影响。使用植物法规较低的48个美国，我们评估了一致性的基础上，在相邻国家的监管清单相似的监管类群。我们评估了积极性，通过比较监管清单植物的当前和潜在的分布情况下的发生记录和物种分布模型的气候变化。国家监管0至162植物类群，与相邻国家之间的平均只有16.8%的重叠监管类群。多达137种植物可能存在于一个州，但不受管制，553个列出的分类群中只有110个在一个或多个州受到管制。然而，有36个州主动列出了至少一个分类单元（受管制但不在该州）。在48个具有物种分布模型的主动列出的分类群中，我们确定了41个案例（21个州的38个物种），其中列出的是“气候主动”（受管制，不存在，气候可能适合在世纪中期建立）。美国的植物监管清单在各国之间不一致，并对气候变化做出反应。然而，大多数州在引入之前至少对一种植物类群进行了监管，这表明在现有法规下可能会采取更积极主动的方法。鉴于区域防御入侵的差距以及气候变化下预计的入侵植物范围转移，跨界协调势在必行。我们建议地方、国家和国际管理机构评估其植物监管清单的一致性和主动性，因为这对于防止下一波植物入侵至关重要。
Global invasive species introductions are rising, necessitating coordinated regulatory strategies within and across national borders. Although states and nations address their unique priorities using plant regulations, these regulations are most likely to reduce invasive plant introduction and spread if they are consistently enacted across political borders and proactively restrict spread early in the invasion process. Further, a unified regulatory landscape is particularly important given the imminent range infilling and large‐scale climate‐driven range shifts of invasive species.In the United States, federal and state regulations restrict the introduction and spread of several hundred invasive and noxious plant taxa in an effort to reduce their negative impacts. Using plant regulations for the lower 48 United States, we assessed consistency among regulated taxa based on similarities in adjacent states’ regulatory lists. We assessed proactivity by comparing regulatory lists to plants’ current and potential distributions given occurrence records and species distribution models under climate change.States regulate from 0 to 162 plant taxa, with an average of only 16.8% overlap of regulated taxa between adjacent states. Up to 137 plants may be present but unregulated in a state, and only 110 of 553 listed taxa were regulated in one or more states where they were not yet present. However, 36 states listed at least one taxon proactively (regulated but not present in the state). Of the 48 proactively listed taxa with species distribution models, we identified 41 cases (38 species in 21 states) where listing was ‘climate proactive’ (regulated, not present and where climate could be suitable for establishment by mid‐century).Policy implications. US plant regulatory lists were inconsistent across borders and reactive to climate change. However, most states regulate at least one plant taxa prior to its introduction, suggesting that a more proactive approach is possible under existing regulations. Coordination across borders is imperative given gaps in regional defences against invasion and projected invasive plant range shifts under climate change. We suggest that subnational, national and international governing bodies evaluate their plant regulatory lists for consistency and proactivity, as it is paramount for preventing the next wave of plant invasions.
登录
查看更多内容
加拿大和安大略省的立法框架是否能够胜任解决外来入侵物种问题？
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
A. L. Smith;D. Bazely;N. Yan
通讯作者：
N. Yan
应对“有害”和“侵入性”监管环境：改进监管的建议
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Lauren D. Quinn;J. Barney;James s. n. m;cubbins;A. Endres
通讯作者：
A. Endres
区域背景下的本地管理：基于过程的物种分布模型的模拟
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Szewczyk, Tim M.;Lee, Tom;Ducey, Mark J.;Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E.;Bibaud, Hayley;Allen, Jenica M.
通讯作者：
Allen, Jenica M.
美国的工厂监管清单是被动且不一致的 - 附录 1
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Evelyn M. Beaury;Emily J. Fusco;Jenica M. Allen;B. Bradley
通讯作者：
B. Bradley
影响因子：
8.5
作者：
Joscha Beninde;M. Fischer;A. Hochkirch;Andreas Zink
通讯作者：
Joscha Beninde;M. Fischer;A. Hochkirch;Andreas Zink