Identifying Agricultural Frontiers for Modeling Global Cropland Expansion.

Identifying Agricultural Frontiers for Modeling Global Cropland Expansion.
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确定全球耕地扩展模型的农业前沿。

DOI:
10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.006
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发表时间:
2020-10-23
期刊:
One earth (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Verburg PH
Verburg PH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Eigenbrod F;Beckmann M;Dunnett S;Graham L;Holland RA;Meyfroidt P;Seppelt R;Song XP;Spake R;Václavík T;Verburg PH

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耕地面积的不断扩大是全球碳排放和生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力。然而,预测未来耕地的合理全球分布仍然具有挑战性。在这里,我们表明,一般来说,现有的全球数据与扩张的经典经济理论相一致,合理地解释了当前(1992年)的全球耕地面积,但不是最近的扩张(1992-2015年)。偏离1992年的耕地范围模型(“前沿性”)可用于改进近期扩张的全球模型,最有可能的是,这些偏离是在前沿条件下耕地扩张的一种替代,在这些条件下,经典的扩张经济理论不太适用。前沿性对所使用的土地覆盖数据集不敏感,在改进包括镶嵌土地覆盖类和这些地区发生的主要由小农驱动的前沿扩张的模型方面特别有效。我们的研究结果具有重要意义,因为前沿性方法提供了一种直接的方法来改善全球土地利用变化模型。当前(1992年)全球耕地面积可以用现有数据解释最近(1992-2015年)的耕地扩张不能用现有数据很好地解释与1992年模型的偏差耕地扩张的范围改进模型全球耕地面积正在增加,以满足不断增长的人口和消费率。耕地扩张往往以森林为代价,而森林对于保护生物多样性和减缓气候变化至关重要。因此,必须知道今后哪些地方可能扩大耕地,以便制定政策,防止在最有可能与森林养护发生冲突的地区扩大耕地。然而,预测最有可能扩大的领域是困难的,因为关于与治理有关的关键预测因素的数据很少。在这里,我们设计了一种新的,两阶段的方法来预测农田的扩张。首先,利用现有数据模拟1992年存在耕地的地方。然后,我们使用地图,显示第一个模型未能解释1992年的农田,以帮助预测1992年至2015年之间的农田扩张。我们表明,这种方法比简单使用现有数据来预测近期农田扩张的方法有所改进。预测全球耕地可能扩大的地区对气候变化和生物多样性具有重要意义。然而,这样做是具有挑战性的,因为缺乏关于目前在所谓的前沿地区(例如,治理)。在这里,我们表明,使用1992年建立在所有可用数据基础上的耕地面积模型的偏差,可以改善近期(1992-2015年)耕地扩张的模型,并使用现有的最佳数据。
The increasing expansion of cropland is major driver of global carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. However, predicting plausible future global distributions of croplands remains challenging. Here, we show that, in general, existing global data aligned with classical economic theories of expansion explain the current (1992) global extent of cropland reasonably well, but not recent expansion (1992–2015). Deviations from models of cropland extent in 1992 (“frontierness”) can be used to improve global models of recent expansion, most likely as these deviations are a proxy for cropland expansion under frontier conditions where classical economic theories of expansion are less applicable. Frontierness is insensitive to the land cover dataset used and is particularly effective in improving models that include mosaic land cover classes and the largely smallholder-driven frontier expansion occurring in such areas. Our findings have important implications as the frontierness approach offers a straightforward way to improve global land use change models. The current (1992) global extent of cropland can be explained with existing data Recent expansion (1992–2015) of cropland is not well explained with existing data Deviations from the 1992 model of extent improve models of cropland expansion Cropland area is increasing globally to satisfy the growing population and consumption rates. Cropland expansion often comes at the expense of forests, which are critical for conserving biodiversity and mitigating against climate change. Therefore, it is essential to know where cropland expansion is likely to occur in the future in order to design policies that prevent expansion in areas that are most likely to conflict with forest conservation. However, predicting where expansion is most likely is difficult as few data are available on key predictors related to governance. Here, we devise a novel, two-stage method for predicting expansion of cropland. First, available data are used to model where cropland existed in 1992. We then use maps that show where the first model fails to explain cropland in 1992 to help predict expansion of cropland between 1992 and 2015. We show that this approach is an improvement over simply using existing data to predict recent expansion of cropland. Predicting where cropland is likely to expand globally has important implications for climate change and biodiversity. However, doing so is challenging because of a lack of data on key drivers of current expansion in so-called frontier areas (e.g., governance). Here, we show that using deviations from a model of cropland extent in 1992 built on all available data improves models of recent (1992–2015) cropland expansion over and above using the best available existing data.
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