Post-stroke inflammation and the potential efficacy of novel stem cell therapies: focus on amnion epithelial cells.
Post-stroke inflammation and the potential efficacy of novel stem cell therapies: focus on amnion epithelial cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2012.00066
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Sobey CG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broughton BR;Lim R;Arumugam TV;Drummond GR;Wallace EM;Sobey CG
缺血性卒中是一种使人衰弱的疾病，目前除了凝块破坏剂、组织纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）之外没有有效的治疗方法，由于疗效时间窗有限（4.5小时），其仅用于不到10%的患者。因此，迫切需要新的治疗方法，可以预防或逆转中风引起的脑损伤的影响。最近令人鼓舞的报告显示，来自人体组织的干细胞，包括胚胎细胞、诱导多能细胞、神经细胞和间充质细胞，可以挽救受损的脑组织，并改善中风实验模型的功能恢复。然而，这些类型的干细胞中的每一种都存在潜在的重大限制，最终可能会阻止或限制它们作为中风患者可行的主流治疗选择的使用。相反，来自胎盘的干细胞，如人羊膜上皮细胞（hAEC），似乎具有优于其他干细胞谱系的几个重要优势，特别是它们的非致瘤性和非免疫原性特征。令人惊讶的是，到目前为止，hAEC作为一种潜在的中风治疗方法很少受到关注。这篇简短的综述将首先描述卒中后的炎症反应和免疫细胞参与，然后考虑hAECs改善卒中结局的潜力，因为它们具有独特的特性。hAEC的这些作用可能涉及减少局部炎症和调节免疫应答，促进神经恢复，分化成神经组织，重新支配失去的连接，以及分泌必要的细胞因子、生长因子、激素和/或神经递质以恢复细胞功能。
Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease for which there are currently no effective treatments besides the clot-buster, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which is administered to less than 10% of patients due to a limited (4.5 h) time window of efficacy. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapies that can prevent or reverse the effects of stroke-induced brain injury. Recent encouraging reports have revealed that stem cells derived from human tissue, including embryonic, induced pluripotent, neural, and mesenchymal cells, can rescue injured brain tissue and improve functional recovery in experimental models of stroke. However, there are potentially major limitations to each of these types of stem cells that may ultimately prevent or restrict their use as viable mainstream treatment options for stroke patients. Conversely, stem cells derived from the placenta, such as human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), appear to have several important advantages over other stem cell lineages, in particular their non-tumorigenic and non-immunogenic characteristics. Surprisingly, so far hAECs have received little attention as a potential stroke therapy. This brief review will firstly describe the inflammatory response and immune cell involvement following stroke, and then consider the potential for hAECs to improve stroke outcome given their unique characteristics. These actions of hAECs may involve a reduction of local inflammation and modulation of the immune response, promotion of neural recovery, differentiation into neural tissue, re-innervation of lost connections, and secretion of necessary cytokines, growth factors, hormones and/or neurotransmitters to restore cellular function.
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