Asexual expansion of Toxoplasma gondii merozoites is distinct from tachyzoites and entails expression of non-overlapping gene families to attach, invade, and replicate within feline enterocytes.
Asexual expansion of Toxoplasma gondii merozoites is distinct from tachyzoites and entails expression of non-overlapping gene families to attach, invade, and replicate within feline enterocytes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-015-1225-x
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发表时间：
2015-02-13
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Deplazes P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hehl AB;Basso WU;Lippuner C;Ramakrishnan C;Okoniewski M;Walker RA;Grigg ME;Smith NC;Deplazes P
顶复门寄生虫弓形虫是世界性的，主要是由于其高度灵活的生命周期。猫科动物是其唯一的最终宿主，各种哺乳动物和鸟类作为中间宿主。潜伏的缓殖子阶段在所有温血脊椎动物中是经口传染的，并建立慢性传染性感染。当迟缓子被猫科动物摄入后，它们在肠上皮细胞中转化为裂殖子，并作为其球虫生命周期的一部分进行无性繁殖。然而，在所有其他中间宿主中，缓殖子仅分化为速殖子，并向细胞外散布到许多细胞类型中。裂殖子和速殖子都经历了快速的无性群体扩增，但在它们发育的细胞和组织以及它们分化成的后续阶段方面具有不同的效应子命运。为了确定裂殖子是否利用不同的基因套件附着，入侵，并在猫肠上皮细胞内复制，我们进行了比较纯化的速殖子和裂殖子的转录谱。我们使用高通量RNA-Seq比较裂殖子和速殖子转录组。在寄生虫生命周期的两个无性复制阶段，用序列读数注释了8323个基因。两个复制阶段之间的代谢是相似的。然而，显着的阶段特异性表达差异进行了测量，与312个成绩单专裂殖子与453专速殖子。编码177种预测分泌蛋白和64种膜相关蛋白的基因被注释为裂殖子特异性的。绝大多数已知的致密颗粒（GRA），微线（MIC）和棒状体（ROP）基因在裂殖子中不表达。与此相反，一个大的表面蛋白（SRS）集只在裂殖子中表达。裂殖子和速殖子的不同表达谱揭示了T.弓形虫的生活史，表明裂殖子是独特的无性分裂阶段，这是独特的适应其生态位和生物学目的。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12864-015-1225-x）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is cosmopolitan in nature, largely as a result of its highly flexible life cycle. Felids are its only definitive hosts and a wide range of mammals and birds serve as intermediate hosts. The latent bradyzoite stage is orally infectious in all warm-blooded vertebrates and establishes chronic, transmissible infections. When bradyzoites are ingested by felids, they transform into merozoites in enterocytes and expand asexually as part of their coccidian life cycle. In all other intermediate hosts, however, bradyzoites differentiate exclusively to tachyzoites, and disseminate extraintestinally to many cell types. Both merozoites and tachyzoites undergo rapid asexual population expansion, yet possess different effector fates with respect to the cells and tissues they develop in and the subsequent stages they differentiate into. To determine whether merozoites utilize distinct suites of genes to attach, invade, and replicate within feline enterocytes, we performed comparative transcriptional profiling on purified tachyzoites and merozoites. We used high-throughput RNA-Seq to compare the merozoite and tachyzoite transcriptomes. 8323 genes were annotated with sequence reads across the two asexually replicating stages of the parasite life cycle. Metabolism was similar between the two replicating stages. However, significant stage-specific expression differences were measured, with 312 transcripts exclusive to merozoites versus 453 exclusive to tachyzoites. Genes coding for 177 predicted secreted proteins and 64 membrane- associated proteins were annotated as merozoite-specific. The vast majority of known dense-granule (GRA), microneme (MIC), and rhoptry (ROP) genes were not expressed in merozoites. In contrast, a large set of surface proteins (SRS) was expressed exclusively in merozoites. The distinct expression profiles of merozoites and tachyzoites reveal significant additional complexity within the T. gondii life cycle, demonstrating that merozoites are distinct asexual dividing stages which are uniquely adapted to their niche and biological purpose. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1225-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Gov L;Karimzadeh A;Ueno N;Lodoen MB
通讯作者：
Lodoen MB
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Behnke MS;Wootton JC;Lehmann MM;Radke JB;Lucas O;Nawas J;Sibley LD;White MW
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影响因子：
14.9
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Boothroyd JC
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Egarter, Saskia;Andenmatten, Nicole;Meissner, Markus
通讯作者：
Meissner, Markus