Development of adaptive phonetic gestures in children: evidence from vowel devoicing in two different dialects of Japanese.
Development of adaptive phonetic gestures in children: evidence from vowel devoicing in two different dialects of Japanese.
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儿童适应性语音手势的发展：日语两种不同方言中元音清音的证据。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
H. Hosoi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Imaizumi;K. Fuwa;H. Hosoi
在许多语言中，以及在日语的许多方言中，无元音辅音之间的高元音经常被清化。这种现象可以假设为喉手势适应各种条件（包括方言要求）的结果。如果这一理论是正确的，它可能是可以预测的发展变化，元音清音的基础上发展的改善，在方言特有的组织喉的姿态。为了验证这一预期，元音清化的发展特性进行了调查的72名儿童的4和5岁，和37名成人在两种方言的日本。一种是清化率低的大坂方言，另一种是清化率高的东京方言。在东京方言中，儿童的清音率显着增加，并在5岁时达到成人水平，而在大坂，无论年龄大小，清音率都很低。5岁儿童的元音清化表现出与成人相同的特点。这些结果表明，与东京方言长大的儿童获得的发音手势，不抑制元音清化的年龄为5岁，而与大坂方言长大的儿童获得那些抑制清化的元音由相同的年龄。这一结果与元音清化的手势解释的预测相吻合。它还建议，学习方言特定的自适应策略，以协调发声和清音手势，以达到成人一样的元音清音模式是一个漫长的过程：到5岁的孩子已经完成了足够的这个过程，成为他们的方言社区的成员。
High vowels between voiceless consonants are often devoiced in many languages, as well as in many dialects of Japanese. This phenomenon can be hypothesized to be a consequence of the adaptive organization of the laryngeal gestures to various conditions, including dialectal requirements. If this theory is correct, it may be possible to predict developmental changes in vowel devoicing based on the developmental improvement in the dialect-specific organization of the laryngeal gestures. To test this expectation, the developmental properties of vowel devoicing were investigated for 72 children of 4 and 5 years of age, and 37 adults in two dialects of Japanese. One was the Osaka dialect, with a low devoicing rate, and the other the Tokyo dialect, with a high devoicing rate. In the Tokyo dialect, the devoicing rate of children significantly increased and reached an adultlike level by the age of 5 years, whereas it remained low irrespective of age in Osaka. The vowel devoicing of 5-year-old children exhibited the same characteristics as that of the adults of their respective dialect. These results suggest that children growing up with the Tokyo dialect acquire the articulatory gestures which do not inhibit vowel devoicing by the age of 5 years, whereas children growing up with the Osaka dialect acquire those which inhibit the devoicing of vowels by the same age. The results fit in well with the predictions of the gestural account of vowel devoicing. It is also suggested that learning dialect-specific adaptive strategies to coordinate voicing and devoicing gestures as required to attain an adultlike vowel devoicing pattern is a long process: By the age of 5 years children have completed enough of this process to become members of their dialectal community.
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3605.959
发表时间：
1993-10
期刊：
Journal of speech and hearing research
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Nittrouer
通讯作者：
S. Nittrouer
孩子们如何学习组织他们的言语手势：来自摩擦元音音节的进一步证据。
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3902.379
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of speech and hearing research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nittrouer,S;Studdert-Kennedy,M;Neely,ST
通讯作者：
Neely,ST
成人和幼儿言语中的预期协同发音：声学、感知和视频数据。
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3406.1222
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
Journal of speech and hearing research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Katz,WF;Kripke,C;Tallal,P
通讯作者：
Tallal,P