An introduction to sphingolipid metabolism and analysis by new technologies.

An introduction to sphingolipid metabolism and analysis by new technologies.
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DOI:
10.1007/s12017-010-8132-8
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发表时间:
2010-12
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.
Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Yanfeng;Liu, Ying;Sullards, M. Cameron;Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.

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鞘脂 (SP) 是一类复杂的分子,基本上存在于所有真核生物和一些原核生物和病毒中,它们影响膜结构、细胞内信号传导以及与细胞外环境的相互作用。由于其生物合成的组合性质,有数千个 SP 亚种在脂质主链和复杂的磷酸和糖头基上各不相同。因此,需要进行全面的或“鞘脂类”分析(对所有 SP 或至少关键子集的所有成员进行结构特异性定量分析),以了解系统中存在哪些亚种以及有多少亚种,作为了解其功能的一步。质谱和相关新技术能够量化一小部分但仍然大量的 SP,并开始提供有关其定位的信息。这篇综述总结了 SP 的基本代谢和最先进的质谱技术,这些技术正在深入了解 SP 的结构、代谢、功能以及与神经医学相关的一些功能障碍。
Sphingolipids (SP) are a complex class of molecules found in essentially all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes and viruses where they influence membrane structure, intracellular signaling, and interactions with the extracellular environment. Because of the combinatorial nature of their biosynthesis, there are thousands of SP subspecies varying in the lipid backbones and complex phospho- and glycoheadgroups. Therefore, comprehensive or “sphingolipidomic” analyses (structure-specific, quantitative analyses of all SP, or at least all members of a critical subset) are needed to know which and how much of these subspecies are present in a system as a step toward understanding their functions. Mass spectrometry and related novel techniques are able to quantify a small fraction, but nonetheless a substantial number, of SP and are beginning to provide information about their localization. This review summarizes the basic metabolism of SP and state-of-art mass spectrometric techniques that are producing insights into SP structure, metabolism, functions, and some of the dysfunctions of relevance to neuromedicine.
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