Field evaluation of a potential exposure biomarker of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Association between urinary phenanthrene-2-carboxylic acid and personal exposure to 2-methylphenanthrene
Field evaluation of a potential exposure biomarker of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Association between urinary phenanthrene-2-carboxylic acid and personal exposure to 2-methylphenanthrene
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甲基化多环芳烃潜在暴露生物标志物的现场评估：尿液菲-2-羧酸与个人暴露于 2-甲基菲之间的关联
DOI：
10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00938
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Zhu Tong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin Yan;Zhang Hanxiyue;Han Yiqun;Qiu Xinghua;Jiang Xing;Cheng Zhen;Wang Yanwen;Chen Xi;Fan Yunfei;Li Weiju;Zhang Junfeng;Zhu Tong
以往的体外研究表明羧酸是甲基化多环芳烃的主要代谢产物。我们以前曾在人类尿液中检测到菲-2-羧酸（2-PHECA），但该生物标志物与甲基化多环芳烃外部暴露之间的直接联系尚未建立。本文分析了589份PM2. 5中的菲（PHE）和2-MePHE以及120份城市居民配对尿样中的羟基菲（PHE-PHEs）和2-PHECA。我们观察到较高的个人2-MePHE和PHE暴露，但较低的尿2-PHECA和PHE-PHEs水平在采暖季节，可能是由于气体颗粒分配，饮食来源和代谢的变化。在调整季节效应后，尿中2-PHECA浓度与个人暴露于2-MePHE显著相关，但与PHE无关。我们还发现尿中2-PHECA/羟苯丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸比值与个人2-MePHE/PHE比值之间存在显著相关性，这是岩石源与热原源的指标。酒精消耗被确定为2-PHECA水平和2-PHECA/羟苯-PHEs比率的影响因素，可能通过酒精和醛脱氢酶竞争2-MePHE的代谢。这些结果表明，尿中2-PHECA水平作为甲基化PAH暴露的生物标志物和2-PHECA/羟乙基-苯丙氨酸比值作为成岩或热原来源的相对重要性的生物标志物的潜在有用性。
Previousin vitrostudies identified carboxylic acids as the major metabolites of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We have previously detected phenanthrene-2-carboxylic acid (2-PHECA) in human urine, but a direct linkage between this biomarker and external exposure to methylated PAHs remains unestablished. Herein, we analyzed phenanthrene (PHE) and 2-MePHE in 589 personal PM2.5samples and hydroxy-phenanthrenes (ΣOH-PHEs) and 2-PHECA in paired urine samples from 120 urban residents. We observed higher personal 2-MePHE and PHE exposure but lower urinary 2-PHECA and ΣOH-PHEs levels in the heating season, possibly due to changes in gas-particle partitioning, dietary source, and metabolism. After adjusting for seasonal effects, urinary 2-PHECA concentrations were significantly associated with personal exposure to 2-MePHE but not PHE. We also found significant associations between the urinary 2-PHECA/ΣOH-PHEs ratio and personal 2-MePHE/PHE ratio, an indicator for the petrogenic versus pyrogenic sources. Alcohol consumption was identified as an influencing factor for the 2-PHECA level and 2-PHECA/ΣOH-PHEs ratio, likely via competing the metabolism of 2-MePHE by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the urinary 2-PHECA level as a biomarker of methylated PAH exposure and the 2-PHECA/ΣOH-PHEs ratio as a biomarker for the relative importance of petrogenic or pyrogenic sources.
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