The evolution of constitutive and induced defences to infectious disease.
The evolution of constitutive and induced defences to infectious disease.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0658
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发表时间：
2018-07-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Best A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boots M;Best A
在对传染病的反应中，宿主通常会建立本构防御和诱导防御。构成性防御首先防止感染，而诱导性防御通常缩短感染期。因此，这两种防御途径不仅对个人，而且对疾病的流行病学也有非常不同的含义。此外，即使在没有疾病的情况下，也可能支付构成性防御的费用，而诱导性防御在用于应对感染时可能产生最大的费用。我们从理论上考察这些基本差异的进化含义。一个关键的结果是，寄生虫的高毒力通常选择更高的诱导防御，即使它们导致免疫病理导致非常高的疾病死亡率。疾病对繁殖力的影响对构成防御和诱导防御的相对投资至关重要，当寄生虫阉割其宿主时发现重要差异。本构防御和诱导防御之间的权衡被认为是防御多样性的一个原因，但我们表明，单独的权衡不太可能导致多样性。我们的模型提供了一个框架来检验不同国防成分的相关投资，包括实验和实地。
In response to infectious disease, hosts typically mount both constitutive and induced defences. Constitutive defence prevents infection in the first place, while induced defence typically shortens the infectious period. The two routes to defence, therefore, have very different implications not only to individuals but also to the epidemiology of the disease. Moreover, the costs of constitutive defences are likely to be paid even in the absence of disease, while induced defences are likely to incur the most substantial costs when they are used in response to infection. We examine theoretically the evolutionary implications of these fundamental differences. A key result is that high virulence in the parasite typically selects for higher induced defences even if they result in immunopathology leading to very high disease mortality. Disease impacts on fecundity are critical to the relative investment in constitutive and induced defence with important differences found when parasites castrate their hosts. The trade-off between constitutive and induced defence has been cited as a cause of the diversity in defence, but we show that the trade-off alone is unlikely to lead to diversity. Our models provide a framework to examine relative investment in different defence components both experimentally and in the field.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Bowers, RG;Hoyle, A;Boots, M
通讯作者：
Boots, M
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008-04-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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影响因子：
2.7
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1100
发表时间：
2000-05-22
影响因子：
4.7
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通讯作者：
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