Alcohol production as an adaptive livelihood strategy for women farmers in Tanzania and its potential for unintended consequences on women's reproductive health.
Alcohol production as an adaptive livelihood strategy for women farmers in Tanzania and its potential for unintended consequences on women's reproductive health.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059343
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Padian NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCoy SI;Ralph LJ;Wilson W;Padian NS
尽管妇女在许多发展中国家的农业中占据核心地位，但她们在充分发挥其潜力方面面临许多限制，包括不平等地获得资产和有限的决策权。我们探讨了坦桑尼亚伊林加地区农业生计、粮食和经济安全以及妇女的性健康和生殖健康的交集。我们的目标是了解在农业部门支持妇女的好处是否也可能扩大到更远的结果，包括性健康和生殖健康。使用可持续生计框架指导数据收集，我们与女性(n = 11)和男性农民(n = 2)进行了13次焦点小组讨论，并对农业推广官员(n = 10)和乡村农产品交易商(n = 10)进行了20次深入访谈。尽管提供了大部分农业劳动力，但妇女对土地和赚取的收入的控制有限，几乎没有讨价还价的能力。为了应对这些限制，妇女采取了适应性生计战略，如酒精生产，使她们能够保持对收入的控制，并养家糊口。然而，女性在酒精生产中的核心作用，加上酒精消费的无处不在的性质，增加了她们对不安全或交易性行为的脆弱性，使她们处于危险之中。这对女性农民来说是一种危险的风险汇聚，酒精在创收中发挥着重要作用，也为高风险的性行为提供了便利。酒精生产和消费有可能直接和间接地将妇女置于不良的性健康和生殖健康后果的风险之中。小组组建、更好地获得资金以及与农业推广官员接触被确定为支持女农民和挑战有害的性别规范的潜在干预措施。此外，卫生和农业的联合多部门办法以及妇女的替代创收战略可能更好地解决在这方面为妇女实现安全和可持续生计的复杂性。
Although women occupy a central position in agriculture in many developing countries, they face numerous constraints to achieving their full potential including unequal access to assets and limited decision-making authority. We explore the intersection of agricultural livelihoods, food and economic security, and women’s sexual and reproductive health in Iringa Region, Tanzania. Our goal was to understand whether the benefits of supporting women in the agricultural sector might also extend to more distal outcomes, including sexual and reproductive health. Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to guide data collection, we conducted 13 focus group discussions (FGD) with female (n = 11) and male farmers (n = 2) and 20 in-depth interviews with agricultural extension officers (n = 10) and village agro-dealers (n = 10). Despite providing the majority of agricultural labor, women have limited control over land and earned income and have little bargaining power. In response to these constraints, women adopt adaptive livelihood strategies, such as alcohol production, that allow them to retain control over income and support their households. However, women’s central role in alcohol production, in concert with the ubiquitous nature of alcohol consumption, places them at risk by enhancing their vulnerability to unsafe or transactional sex. This represents a dangerous confluence of risk for female farmers, in which alcohol plays an important role in income generation and also facilitates high-risk sexual behavior. Alcohol production and consumption has the potential to both directly and indirectly place women at risk for undesirable sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Group formation, better access to finance, and engaging with agricultural extension officers were identified as potential interventions for supporting women farmers and challenging harmful gender norms. In addition, joint, multi-sectoral approaches from health and agriculture and alternative income-generating strategies for women might better address the complexities of achieving safe and sustainable livelihoods for women in this context.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
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