Neural processes of inhibitory control in American Indian peoples are associated with reduced mental health problems.
Neural processes of inhibitory control in American Indian peoples are associated with reduced mental health problems.
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsac045
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发表时间：
2023-02-23
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Aupperle, Robin L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, Evan J.;Demuth, Mara J.;Nacke, Mariah;Kirlic, Namik;Kuplicki, Rayus;Spechler, Philip A.;McDermott, Timothy J.;DeVille, Danielle C.;Stewart, Jennifer L.;Lowe, John;Paulus, Martin P.;Aupperle, Robin L.
美国印第安人（AI）的自杀和物质使用障碍（SUD）的患病率不成比例地高。然而，考虑到风险负担（例如历史创伤和歧视），与更广泛的人群相比，精神健康障碍或SUD的可能性相似或降低。这些发现刺激了心理学研究，研究保护因素，但没有研究调查其潜在的神经机制。抑制控制是一种潜在的神经行为结构，具有保护作用，但尚未在AI人群的神经影像学研究中进行专门研究。我们研究了AI（n = 76）和倾向匹配（性别、年龄、收入、智商代表和创伤暴露）的非西班牙裔白色（NHW）参与者（n = 76）中自杀想法和行为（STB）和SUD的发生率。在人工智能样本中，检查了停止信号任务（SST）期间记录的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）数据与STB和SUD的关系。相对于NHW受试者，AI显示STB的发生率较低。与认可STB的AI相比，没有报告STB的AI在SST期间的执行控制区域中表现出更大的活动。没有SUD的AI表现出较低的活动相对于那些个体报告SUD。结果与越来越多的文献一致，这些文献表明，高水平的风险负担导致人工智能中心理健康问题的不同流行。此外，在没有STB的AI个体中，抑制控制过程中的差异激活可能代表了AI对心理健康问题的保护作用的神经机制。未来的研究是必要的，以阐明社会文化因素有助于保护对精神健康的结果，在人工智能和进一步描绘神经机制方面的具体问题（如SUD与STB）。
American Indians (AI) experience disproportionately high prevalence of suicide and substance use disorders (SUD). However, accounting for risk burden (e.g. historical trauma and discrimination), the likelihood of mental health disorders or SUD is similar or decreased compared with the broader population. Such findings have spurred psychological research examining the protective factors, but no studies have investigated its potential neural mechanisms. Inhibitory control is one of the potential neurobehavioral construct with demonstrated protective effects, but has not been examined in neuroimaging studies with AI populations specifically. We examined the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) and SUD among AI (n = 76) and propensity matched (sex, age, income, IQ proxy and trauma exposure) non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants (n = 76). Among the AI sample, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded during the stop-signal task (SST) was examined in relation to STB and SUDs. AIs relative to NHW subjects displayed lower incidence of STB. AIs with no reported STBs showed greater activity in executive control regions during the SST compared with AI who endorsed STB. AI without SUD demonstrated lower activity relative to those individual reporting SUD. Results are consistent with a growing body of literature demonstrating the high level of risk burden driving disparate prevalence of mental health concerns in AI. Furthermore, differential activation during inhibitory control processing in AI individuals without STB may represent a neural mechanism of protective effects against mental health problems in AI. Future research is needed to elucidate sociocultural factors contributing protection against mental health outcomes in AIs and further delineate neural mechanisms with respect to specific concerns (e.g. SUD vs STB).
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