Transcriptional termination in mammals: Stopping the RNA polymerase II juggernaut.

Transcriptional termination in mammals: Stopping the RNA polymerase II juggernaut.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.aad9926
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发表时间:
2016-06-10
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Proudfoot NJ
Proudfoot NJ
中科院分区:
其他
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作者:
Proudfoot NJ

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终止转录对于哺乳动物的蛋白质编码基因来说是一个非常复杂的过程。首先,染色质模板会减缓基因末端的转录速度。然后,转录产物在聚(A)信号作用下被切割以释放信使RNA,剩下的转录产物被选择性地分解和降解。这会导致酶的心脏发生关键的构象变化,从而触发终止。终止也可以发生在基因的不同位置,从而防止异常转录形成或故意产生不同的转录,这些可能形成具有不同调节性质的多个信使RNA或编码不同的蛋白质。最后,终止可以被干扰以实现特定的细胞需求,或者在癌症或病毒感染的细胞中被阻止。在这种情况下,未能终止转录可能会给细胞带来灾难。
Terminating transcription is a highly intricate process for mammalian protein-coding genes. First, the chromatin template slows down transcription at the gene end. Then, the transcript is cleaved at the poly(A) signal to release the messenger RNA.The remaining transcript is selectively unraveled and degraded. This induces critical conformational changes in the heart of the enzyme that trigger termination. Termination can also occur at variable positions along the gene and so prevent aberrant transcript formation or intentionally make different transcripts.These may form multiple messenger RNAs with altered regulatory properties or encode different proteins. Finally, termination can be perturbed to achieve particular cellular needs or blocked in cancer or virally infected cells. In such cases, failure to terminate transcription can spell disaster for the cell.
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