Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases.

Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190034
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
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嗜碱性粒细胞通过 FcεRI-αβγ2 结合 IgE,它们仅与肥大细胞共享。在此过程中,它们可以快速释放过敏性疾病标志的介质。这种基本的相似性,以及两种细胞类型共有的一些形态特征,长期以来一直引起人们对嗜碱性粒细胞介导超越肥大细胞的生物学意义的质疑。与成熟并驻留在组织中的肥大细胞不同,嗜碱性粒细胞从骨髓(占白细胞的 1%)释放到循环中,仅在特定炎症条件下浸润组织。越来越多的证据表明,嗜碱性粒细胞在过敏性疾病中发挥着非冗余的作用,并且毫无疑问地与多种其他病理学有关[例如,心肌梗死、自身免疫、慢性阻塞性肺病、纤维化、癌症等]。最近的研究结果强化了这样的观点,即这些细胞介导对寄生虫感染的保护,而相关研究表明嗜碱性粒细胞促进伤口愈合。这些功能的核心是大量证据表明人类和小鼠嗜碱性粒细胞越来越多地成为 IL-4 和 IL-13 的重要来源。尽管如此,关于嗜碱性粒细胞在病理学与稳态中的作用仍不清楚。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了嗜碱性粒细胞在多种非过敏性疾病中的二分(保护和/或有害)作用。
Basophils bind IgE via FcεRI-αβγ2, which they uniquely share only with mast cells. In doing so, they can rapidly release mediators that are hallmark of allergic disease. This fundamental similarity, along with some morphological features shared by the two cell types, has long brought into question the biological significance that basophils mediate beyond that of mast cells. Unlike mast cells, which mature and reside in tissues, basophils are released into circulation from the bone marrow (constituting 1% of leukocytes), only to infiltrate tissues under specific inflammatory conditions. Evidence is emerging that basophils mediate non-redundant roles in allergic disease and, unsuspectingly, are implicated in a variety of other pathologies [e.g., myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancer, etc.]. Recent findings strengthen the notion that these cells mediate protection from parasitic infections, whereas related studies implicate basophils promoting wound healing. Central to these functions is the substantial evidence that human and mouse basophils are increasingly implicated as important sources of IL-4 and IL-13. Nonetheless, much remains unclear regarding the role of basophils in pathology vs. homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous (protective and/or harmful) roles of basophils in a wide spectrum of non-allergic disorders.
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