Adenosine and glutamate signaling in neuron-glial interactions: implications in alcoholism and sleep disorders.
Adenosine and glutamate signaling in neuron-glial interactions: implications in alcoholism and sleep disorders.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01722.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Choi DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nam HW;McIver SR;Hinton DJ;Thakkar MM;Sari Y;Parkinson FE;Haydon PG;Choi DS
最近的研究表明，胶质细胞的功能不仅限于支持神经元的功能。特别是，星形胶质细胞对于大脑中的神经元活动是必不可少的。星形胶质细胞通过释放或摄取谷氨酸、D-丝氨酸、5′-三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和腺苷等胶质递质，积极参与突触形成和脑信息处理。在中枢神经系统中，腺苷在调节神经元活动以及控制其他神经递质系统如GABA、谷氨酸和多巴胺中起重要作用。乙醇增加细胞外腺苷水平，调节乙醇的共济失调和催眠/镇静（催眠）作用。腺苷信号传导还通过神经元-胶质细胞相互作用参与主要神经兴奋性神经传递（即GABA或谷氨酸）的稳态，其调节乙醇和睡眠的作用。腺苷转运蛋白或星形胶质细胞SNARE介导的递质释放调节细胞外或突触腺苷水平。腺苷然后通过几个腺苷受体发挥其功能，并调节大脑中的谷氨酸水平。本文综述了神经元-胶质细胞相互作用，特别是腺苷能信号和谷氨酸摄取活动涉及谷氨酸转运蛋白1（GLT 1），是如何在酒精中毒和睡眠障碍的新发现。
Recent studies have demonstrated that the function of glia is not restricted to the support of neuronal function. Especially, astrocytes are essential for neuronal activity in the brain. Astrocytes actively participate in synapse formation and brain information processing by releasing or uptaking gliotransmitters such as glutamate, D-serine, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. In the central nervous system, adenosine plays an important role in regulating neuronal activity as well as in controlling other neurotransmitter systems such as GABA, glutamate and dopamine. Ethanol increases extracellular adenosine levels, which regulates the ataxic and hypnotic/sedative (somnogenic) effects of ethanol. Adenosine signaling is also involved in the homeostasis of major inhibitory-excitatory neurotransmission (i.e. GABA or glutamate) through neuron-glial interactions, which regulates the effect of ethanol and sleep. Adenosine transporters or astrocytic SNARE-mediated transmitter release regulates extracellular or synaptic adenosine levels. Adenosine then exerts its function through several adenosine receptors and regulates glutamate levels in the brain. This review presents novel findings on how neuron-glial interactions, particularly adenosinergic signaling and glutamate uptake activity involving glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), are implicated in alcoholism and sleep disorders.
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