Referential context and executive functioning influence children's resolution of syntactic ambiguity.
Referential context and executive functioning influence children's resolution of syntactic ambiguity.
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000886
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brown-Schmidt S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qi Z;Love J;Fisher C;Brown-Schmidt S
经典研究揭示了学龄前儿童和成人在在线句子理解方面的两个显著差异。成年人（a）招募参考上下文线索来指导句法分析，如果需要一个修饰语来从多个选项中挑出预期的所指，则将歧义短语解释为修饰语，（B）使用晚到的信息来从误解中恢复。五岁的奥尔兹在这两方面都失败了，对参照上下文不敏感，而且经常无法从分析错误中恢复过来。但其他研究结果表明，5岁的孩子表现出延迟，而不是缺乏敏感性的参考背景下，执行功能的个体差异预测儿童的能力，从花园路径错误恢复。在两个实验中，我们建立在这些发现的基础上，重点关注儿童是否会在有时间的情况下招募参考语境线索。孩子们听到暂时模糊的指令（例如，把青蛙放在池塘里的帐篷里），同时我们监视他们的目光和行动。我们使用了一个缓慢的语速，并操纵对象之间而不是对象内部的参照语境，让孩子们有时间把参照语境线索发挥作用。在整个实验中，眼动和动作分析揭示了新兴的敏感性的参考背景。此外，表明修改失败的错误率和眼动模式是通过执行功能的个体差异（Simon Says和Flanker任务的得分）来预测的。这些数据表明，儿童，像成年人一样，在某些情况下，使用参考上下文信息在句法处理的研究结果也是一致的，在解决句法歧义的作用域一般执行功能。
Classic studies reveal two striking differences between preschoolers and adults in online sentence comprehension. Adults (a) recruit referential context cues to guide syntactic parsing, interpreting an ambiguous phrase as a modifier if a modifier is needed to single out the intended referent among multiple options, and (b) use late-arriving information to recover from misinterpretation. Five-year-olds fail on both counts, appearing insensitive to the referential context, and often failing to recover from parsing errors. But other findings suggest that 5-year-olds show delayed rather than absent sensitivity to the referential context, and that individual differences in executive functioning predict children’s ability to recover from garden-path errors. In two experiments, we built on these findings, focusing on whether children recruit referential-context cues if given time to do so. Children heard temporarily ambiguous instructions (e.g., Put the frog on the pond into the tent), while we monitored their eye-gaze and actions. We used a slow speech rate, and manipulated referential context between rather than within subjects, to give children time to bring referential context cues into play. Across experiments, eye-movement and action analyses revealed emerging sensitivity to the referential context. Moreover, error rates and eye-movement patterns indicating failures to revise were predicted by individual differences in executive function (scores in Simon Says and Flanker tasks). These data suggest that children, like adults, use referential context information in syntactic processing under some circumstances; the findings are also consistent with a role for domain-general executive function in resolution of syntactic ambiguity.
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影响因子：
56.9
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