The role of macrophages during acute kidney injury: destruction and repair.
The role of macrophages during acute kidney injury: destruction and repair.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00467-017-3883-1
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hukriede NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han HI;Skvarca LB;Espiritu EB;Davidson AJ;Hukriede NA
急性肾损伤（AKI）是指肾功能迅速下降。无论最初的损伤原因如何，免疫细胞的涌入是 AKI 期间的一个常见主题。虽然炎症反应对于最初控制损伤至关重要，但长期反应会对组织修复产生负面影响。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注巨噬细胞在 AKI 期间从早期炎症到消退的作用。这些细胞通过吞噬细胞碎片和致病分子作为先天防御系统；通过充当抗原呈递细胞并分泌细胞因子来桥接与适应性免疫系统的沟通。虽然许多免疫细胞会引发炎症，但巨噬细胞在整个 AKI 过程中发挥着复杂的作用。这种复杂性是由它们的功能可塑性驱动的：从“促炎”表型极化到“促修复”表型的能力。重要的是，实验和转化研究表明巨噬细胞极化有望成为促进 AKI 期间修复的新型治疗策略。必须彻底了解这些吞噬细胞在损伤和修复过程中发挥的生物学作用，才能了解其局限性，同时进一步促进治疗应用。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid decline in renal function. Regardless of the initial cause of injury, the influx of immune cells is a common theme during AKI. While an inflammatory response is critical for the initial control of injury, a prolonged response can negatively affect tissue repair. In this review, we focus on the role of macrophages, from early inflammation to resolution during AKI. These cells serve as the innate defense system by phagocytosing cellular debris and pathogenic molecules; and bridging communication with the adaptive immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells and secreting cytokines. While many immune cells function to initiate inflammation, macrophages play a complex role throughout AKI. This complexity is driven by their functional plasticity: the ability to polarize from a “pro-inflammatory” phenotype to a “pro-reparative” phenotype. Importantly, experimental and translational studies indicate that macrophage polarization holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy to promote repair during AKI. A thorough understanding of the biological roles these phagocytes play during both injury and repair is necessary to understand the limitations while furthering the therapeutic application.
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