Tissue-resident macrophages: then and now.
Tissue-resident macrophages: then and now.
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DOI：
10.1111/imm.12451
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Taylor PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies LC;Taylor PR
一个多世纪以来，巨噬细胞一直是免疫研究的核心，是先天免疫不可或缺的组成部分。巨噬细胞通常被视为终末分化的单核吞噬细胞。它们在炎症期间渗透组织，并形成发挥促炎或抗炎功能的极化群体。组织驻留巨噬细胞被认为是分化的单核细胞，它们在组织中播种以执行免疫前哨和稳态功能。然而，组织驻留巨噬细胞并不是同质群体，而是一组具有相似功能和表型的细胞。在过去的十年中，人们发现许多这些细胞并未终末分化，并且在大多数情况下，并非源自成人的造血作用。最近的研究强调，组织驻留巨噬细胞不能分为简单的极化类别，尤其是在体内，当它们暴露于复杂的信号事件时。现在已经证明，组织环境本身是巨噬细胞表型的主要控制者，并且可以影响许多基因的表达，无论其来源如何。这与不同组织内的细胞在炎症中具有不同反应的概念是一致的。该领域仍有一座山需要攀登，因为它的发展不仅包括组织驻留巨噬细胞的多样性，还包括特定组织环境的分类和巨噬细胞本身的可塑性。这一知识为治疗策略提供了新的视角，因为巨噬细胞亚群有可能被操纵，以组织特异性的方式控制炎症环境。
Macrophages have been at the heart of immune research for over a century and are an integral component of innate immunity. Macrophages are often viewed as terminally differentiated monocytic phagocytes. They infiltrate tissues during inflammation, and form polarized populations that perform pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. Tissue-resident macrophages were regarded as differentiated monocytes, which seed the tissues to perform immune sentinel and homeostatic functions. However, tissue-resident macrophages are not a homogeneous population, but are in fact a grouping of cells with similar functions and phenotypes. In the last decade, it has been revealed that many of these cells are not terminally differentiated and, in most cases, are not derived from haematopoiesis in the adult. Recent research has highlighted that tissue-resident macrophages cannot be grouped into simple polarized categories, especially in vivo, when they are exposed to complex signalling events. It has now been demonstrated that the tissue environment itself is a major controller of macrophage phenotype, and can influence the expression of many genes regardless of origin. This is consistent with the concept that cells within different tissues have diverse responses in inflammation. There is still a mountain to climb in the field, as it evolves to encompass not only tissue-resident macrophage diversity, but also categorization of specific tissue environments and the plasticity of macrophages themselves. This knowledge provides a new perspective on therapeutic strategies, as macrophage subsets can potentially be manipulated to control the inflammatory environment in a tissue-specific manner.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20091586
发表时间：
2009-12-21
期刊：
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影响因子：
--
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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