Loss of natural coastline influences species diversity of anemonefish and host anemones in the Ryukyu Archipelago
Loss of natural coastline influences species diversity of anemonefish and host anemones in the Ryukyu Archipelago
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自然海岸线的丧失影响了琉球群岛海葵鱼和宿主海葵的物种多样性
DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3435
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James Davis Reimer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kina Hayashi;Katsunori Tachihara;James Davis Reimer
海葵鱼和宿主海葵分布在珊瑚礁的浅水区，因此它们的存在可能会受到沿海开发的影响。琉球群岛包括冲绳岛和先岛群岛；前者在沿海地区经历了大规模的填海造地和排水，而后者仍然主要包含自然海岸。为了考虑保护琉球群岛寄主海葵和海葵鱼多样性所需的保护区布局，对冲绳岛和先岛群岛的海葵和海葵鱼的群落结构和共存机制进行了比较。两个岛屿均分布有6种海葵鱼和7种寄主海葵。在先岛群岛的 6 种海葵鱼中观察到的 15 种物种对相互作用中，有 14 种可以通过生态位分化假说来解释，只有 1 种相互作用可以通过同居假说来解释。在冲绳群岛，13种相互作用可以通过生态位分化假说解释，一种通过同居假说解释，一种通过彩票假说解释。对于寄主海葵和海葵鱼来说，冲绳群岛的β多样性比先岛群岛低，并且具有更多的嵌套结构。除了邻近海岸线的研究地点外，两个地区的β多样性及其嵌套程度没有差异，这表明沿海环境的差异影响了海葵和海葵的多样性。这些结果表明，迫切需要优先保护珊瑚礁边缘，因为那里的物种多样性相对高于冲绳岛陆地海岸线附近的物种多样性。在先岛群岛，保留着许多天然海岸，从紧邻海岸到礁石边缘的更广泛区域需要得到全面保护，以增加β多样性。
Anemonefish and host anemones are distributed in the shallow waters of coral reefs, and thus their existence may be affected by coastal development. The Ryukyu Archipelago includes the Okinawa and Sakishima Islands; the former has experienced extensive land reclamation and drainage in coastal areas while the latter still mostly contains natural coasts. To consider the layout of protected areas needed to conserve diversity of host anemones and anemonefish in the Ryukyu Archipelago, the community structure and coexistence mechanisms of anemones and anemonefish were compared between Okinawa and Sakishima Islands.Six species of anemonefish and seven species of host anemone are distributed in both islands. Among 15 species‐pair interactions observed in six species of anemonefish in the Sakishima Islands, 14 were explained by the niche differentiation hypothesis and only one interaction was explained by the cohabitation hypothesis. In the Okinawa Islands, 13 interactions were explained by the niche differentiation hypothesis, one by the cohabitation hypothesis and one by the lottery hypothesis.For both host anemones and anemonefish,β‐diversity in the Okinawa Islands was lower and had a more nested structure than that of the Sakishima Islands.β‐Diversity and its nestedness did not differ between the two regions excluding study sites adjacent to coastlines, suggesting that differences in the coastal environment affected the diversity of anemones and anemonefish in the Ryukyu Archipelago.These results suggested that there is an urgent need to prioritize the conservation of reef edges, where species diversity is relatively higher than directly next to the terrestrial coastline in Okinawa Island. In the Sakishima Islands, where many natural coasts remain, a wider area from directly next to the coast out to the reef edge needs to be comprehensively protected to increaseβ‐diversity.
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