Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Physical Principles and Implications.
Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Physical Principles and Implications.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2020.590041
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Jarvis MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jarvis MC
有证据表明，引起COVID-19的冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2可以通过气溶胶颗粒以及较大的液滴或表面沉积物在空气中传播。这篇小评论概述了气溶胶科学的基础，并与其他学科的气溶胶研究建立了联系。SARS-CoV-2在无症状和有症状的人的正常呼吸过程中以气溶胶形式散发，在长达约一小时的半衰期内保持活力，在此期间，空气运动可以将其携带相当长的距离，尽管它同时扩散。气溶胶范围内液滴尺寸分布的比例取决于呼吸道内的起源部位以及分布是以数量还是以体积为基础。蒸发和破碎减小了液滴的尺寸，而聚结增加了平均液滴尺寸。含有SARS-CoV-2的气溶胶颗粒也可以与污染颗粒结合，感染率与污染相关。公共建筑和交通工具中通风系统的运行可能会通过气溶胶造成感染危险，但也提供了减少传播风险的机会，方法很简单，从再循环空气切换到外部空气。也有机会用阳光或紫外线灯以气溶胶形式检测SARS-CoV-2。口罩阻挡气溶胶传播的效率在很大程度上取决于它们的贴合程度。迫切需要进一步实验的研究领域包括液滴大小分布和病毒载量变化的基础，包括“超级传播者”个人排放的液滴;排放后液滴大小的演变，它们与污染性气溶胶的相互作用及其通过湍流的扩散，这为社会距离提供了不同的基础。
Evidence has emerged that SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, can be transmitted airborne in aerosol particles as well as in larger droplets or by surface deposits. This minireview outlines the underlying aerosol science, making links to aerosol research in other disciplines. SARS-CoV-2 is emitted in aerosol form during normal breathing by both asymptomatic and symptomatic people, remaining viable with a half-life of up to about an hour during which air movement can carry it considerable distances, although it simultaneously disperses. The proportion of the droplet size distribution within the aerosol range depends on the sites of origin within the respiratory tract and on whether the distribution is presented on a number or volume basis. Evaporation and fragmentation reduce the size of the droplets, whereas coalescence increases the mean droplet size. Aerosol particles containing SARS-CoV-2 can also coalesce with pollution particulates, and infection rates correlate with pollution. The operation of ventilation systems in public buildings and transportation can create infection hazards via aerosols, but provides opportunities for reducing the risk of transmission in ways as simple as switching from recirculated to outside air. There are also opportunities to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol form with sunlight or UV lamps. The efficiency of masks for blocking aerosol transmission depends strongly on how well they fit. Research areas that urgently need further experimentation include the basis for variation in droplet size distribution and viral load, including droplets emitted by “superspreader” individuals; the evolution of droplet sizes after emission, their interaction with pollutant aerosols and their dispersal by turbulence, which gives a different basis for social distancing.
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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