Spontaneous and cued gaze-following in autism and Williams syndrome.
Spontaneous and cued gaze-following in autism and Williams syndrome.
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DOI：
10.1186/1866-1955-5-13
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发表时间：
2013-05-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hanley M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riby DM;Hancock PJ;Jones N;Hanley M
从幼年开始，典型的社会功能发展依赖于对社会相关信息的注意分配，这反过来又允许处理这些信息的经验，从而增强社会认知。因此，研究试图确定在一些影响社会功能的神经发育障碍中偏离轨道的发育过程。威廉姆斯综合征（WS）和自闭症是发育障碍，其特征是非典型但有差异的社会表型和对人的非典型关注。我们使用眼动追踪来探索患有WS和自闭症的个体如何在社交场景中注意并随后解释演员的眼睛注视线索。图像呈现3秒钟，最初只是简单地看图片。然后再次播放这些图像，参与者被要求识别正在观看的物体。用方差分析分析各工况下的注视分配情况，用t检验比较识别的准确性。与对照组相比，患有WS的参与者被分配了更多的凝视面部和眼睛的时间，无论是否被要求识别所看的物品；而自闭症患者在两种情况下花在面部和眼睛上的时间都更少。当被提示跟随注视时，WS参与者增加了对正确目标的注视；自闭症患者更多地关注面部和眼睛，但没有增加对正确目标的关注，同时继续比对照组更多地关注不合理的目标。两组识别的物体都比对照组少。发现的非典型性可能与从图像中解释社会认知线索所显示的缺陷交织在一起。WS和自闭症的特点是社会注意的非典型性，影响社会认知专业知识，但重要的是，非典型性的类型是综合征特异性的。
From a young age the typical development of social functioning relies upon the allocation of attention to socially relevant information, which in turn allows experience at processing such information and thus enhances social cognition. As such, research has attempted to identify the developmental processes that are derailed in some neuro-developmental disorders that impact upon social functioning. Williams syndrome (WS) and autism are disorders of development that are characterized by atypical yet divergent social phenotypes and atypicalities of attention to people. We used eye tracking to explore how individuals with WS and autism attended to, and subsequently interpreted, an actor’s eye gaze cue within a social scene. Images were presented for 3 seconds, initially with an instruction simply to look at the picture. The images were then shown again, with the participant asked to identify the object being looked at. Allocation of eye gaze in each condition was analyzed by analysis of variance and accuracy of identification was compared with t tests. Participants with WS allocated more gaze time to face and eyes than their matched controls, both with and without being asked to identify the item being looked at; while participants with autism spent less time on face and eyes in both conditions. When cued to follow gaze, participants with WS increased gaze to the correct targets; those with autism looked more at the face and eyes but did not increase gaze to the correct targets, while continuing to look much more than their controls at implausible targets. Both groups identified fewer objects than their controls. The atypicalities found are likely to be entwined with the deficits shown in interpreting social cognitive cues from the images. WS and autism are characterized by atypicalities of social attention that impact upon socio-cognitive expertise, but, importantly, the type of atypicality is syndrome specific.
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