Control of high-speed jumps in muscle and spring actuated systems: a comparative study of take-off energetics in bush-crickets (Mecopoda elongata) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria).
Control of high-speed jumps in muscle and spring actuated systems: a comparative study of take-off energetics in bush-crickets (Mecopoda elongata) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria).
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DOI：
10.1007/s00360-023-01524-2
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发表时间：
2023-12
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直翅目是一种多样性的昆虫目，以其运动能力而闻名。为了跳跃，丛林蟋蟀使用肌肉驱动(MA)系统，在该系统中，腿部伸展是通过收缩后腿的股骨肌肉来驱动的。相比之下，蝗虫使用的是闩锁介导的弹簧驱动(Lamsa)系统，在该系统中，腿部伸展是由股骨中类似弹簧的结构的回弹来驱动的。本研究的目的是描述长足目跳跃的运动学，并将其与现有的跳跃数据进行比较，以确定相似大小的长足跳鼠和斑腿跳鼠在起跳过程中对旋转控制的差异。用高速摄像装置记录了67只长尾轮虫的269次跳跃，其质量从0.014微克到3.01微克不等。在细长木霉中，线速度随质量的增加而增加，角速度(螺距)随质量−的增加而减小。在S.gregaria中，线速度是恒定的，角速度随着质量−的增加而减小。尽管在速度标度上有这些差异，但两个物种的平动动能与旋转动能的比率是相似的。平均而言，长尾轮虫的能量分布占平动动能的98.8%，转动动能的1.2%，而长尾轮虫的能量分配分别为98.7%和1.3%。这种能量分布与两个物种的大小无关。尽管有两种不同的跳跃驱动机制，但在起飞过程中形成的平动和转动动能的比率在这些远亲的直翅目动物之间是固定的。网上版载有补充材料，可在10.1007/s00360-023-01524-2查阅。
The Orthoptera are a diverse insect order well known for their locomotive capabilities. To jump, the bush-cricket uses a muscle actuated (MA) system in which leg extension is actuated by contraction of the femoral muscles of the hind legs. In comparison, the locust uses a latch mediated spring actuated (LaMSA) system, in which leg extension is actuated by the recoil of spring-like structure in the femur. The aim of this study was to describe the jumping kinematics of Mecopoda elongata (Tettigoniidae) and compare this to existing data in Schistocerca gregaria (Acrididae), to determine differences in control of rotation during take-off between similarly sized MA and LaMSA jumpers. 269 jumps from 67 individuals of M. elongata with masses from 0.014 g to 3.01 g were recorded with a high-speed camera setup. In M. elongata, linear velocity increased with mass0.18 and the angular velocity (pitch) decreased with mass−0.13. In S. gregaria, linear velocity is constant and angular velocity decreases with mass−0.24. Despite these differences in velocity scaling, the ratio of translational kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy was similar for both species. On average, the energy distribution of M. elongata was distributed 98.8% to translational kinetic energy and 1.2% to rotational kinetic energy, whilst in S. gregaria it is 98.7% and 1.3%, respectively. This energy distribution was independent of size for both species. Despite having two different jump actuation mechanisms, the ratio of translational and rotational kinetic energy formed during take-off is fixed across these distantly related orthopterans. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00360-023-01524-2.
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