Defense against outside competition is linked to cooperation in male–male partnerships
Defense against outside competition is linked to cooperation in male–male partnerships
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抵御外部竞争与男性伙伴关系中的合作有关
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arz206
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Taborsky, ed., Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hellmann, Jennifer K.;Stiver, Kelly A.;Marsh-Rollo, Susan;Alonzo, Suzanne H.;Taborsky, ed., Michael
众所周知，雄性之间的竞争是许多物种繁殖成功和性选择特征的驱动因素。然而，在某些物种中，雄性会共同努力向雌性求爱或保卫领地免受雄性竞争者的侵害。占主导地位（筑巢）的雄性会生育大多数后代，但相对于未交配的雄性，从属（卫星）雄性能够更好地获得受精。由于卫星只能通过偷偷摸摸来获得繁殖成功，因此人们对确定加强卫星合作（防御）和减少卫星偷偷摸摸的机制非常感兴趣。其中一种潜在机制是外部竞争：未配对的卫星可能会破坏已建立的雄性伙伴关系的稳定，并可能迫使已配对的卫星克制作弊，以防止占主导地位的雄性用未配对的卫星取代它们。在这里，我们通过向已建立的筑巢和卫星雄性对呈现“入侵”卫星雄性来操纵地中海鱼类Symphodus ocellatus的竞争。当焦点卫星不太合作时，焦点卫星对入侵者的攻击性更高，这表明当卫星的社会地位不太稳定时，卫星会增加对外部竞争者的攻击性。相比之下，筑巢雄性对入侵者卫星的攻击性随着产卵活动的增加而增加，这表明当筑巢雄性当前的关系富有成效时，它们会增强对外部竞争者的防御。我们没有发现在展示前后产卵活动或筑巢/卫星雄性相互作用发生变化的证据。这些结果总体表明，对外部竞争的反应与不相关的雄性伴侣之间的行为动态直接相关，并且可能以类似于群体生活物种的方式与冲突和合作相关。
Male–male competition is a well-known driver of reproductive success and sexually selected traits in many species. However, in some species, males work together to court females or defend territories against male competitors. Dominant (nesting) males sire most offspring, but subordinate (satellite) males are better able to obtain fertilizations relative to unpartnered males. Because satellites only gain reproductive success by sneaking, there has been much interest in identifying the mechanisms enforcing satellite cooperation (defense) and reducing satellite sneaking. One such potential mechanism is outside competition: unpartnered satellites can destabilize established male partnerships and may force partnered satellites to restrain from cheating to prevent the dominant male from replacing them with an unpartnered satellite. Here, we manipulated perceived competition in the Mediterranean fishSymphodus ocellatusby presenting an “intruding” satellite male to established nesting and satellite male pairs. Focal satellite aggression to the intruder was higher when focal satellites were less cooperative, suggesting that satellites increase aggression to outside competitors when their social position is less stable. In contrast, nesting male aggression to the intruder satellite increased as spawning activity increased, suggesting that nesting males increase their defense toward outside competitors when their current relationship is productive. We found no evidence of altered spawning activity or nesting/satellite male interactions before and after the presentation. These results collectively suggest that response to outside competition is directly linked to behavioral dynamics between unrelated male partners and may be linked to conflict and cooperation in ways that are similar to group-living species.
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DOI：
--
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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