Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase: diverse functions as classical and emerging targets for antiviral intervention.

Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase: diverse functions as classical and emerging targets for antiviral intervention.
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DOI:
10.1038/emi.2013.56
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
13.2
通讯作者:
Hu, Jianming
Hu, Jianming
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones, Scott A.;Hu, Jianming

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乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染仍然是一个全球健康问题,有超过 3.5 亿人长期感染,导致肝硬化和肝细胞癌的风险增加。目前针对 HBV 感染的抗病毒化疗包括五种核苷类似物逆转录酶抑制剂 (NRTI),它们均针对 HBV 聚合酶 (HP)(一种特殊的逆转录酶 (RT))的一种酶活性,即 DNA 链延伸。 NRTI 没有治疗作用,长期治疗与毒性和耐药病毒突变的出现有关,这也可能导致疫苗逃逸。最近对 HP 多种功能的研究为其在病毒复制的不同阶段中的不同作用提供了重要的机制见解,包括与病毒前基因组 RNA 的相互作用、RNA 包装到核衣壳中、蛋白质启动、负链和正链病毒 DNA 合成、RNase H 介导的病毒 RNA 降解,以及调节多种 HP 功能的关键宿主相互作用。这些不同的功能为开发新型 HP 靶向抗病毒治疗提供了充足的机会,这些治疗应有助于治愈慢性 HBV 感染。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health problem with over 350 million chronically infected, causing an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current antiviral chemotherapy for HBV infection include five nucleos(t)ide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that all target one enzymatic activity, DNA strand elongation, of the HBV polymerase (HP), a specialized reverse transcriptase (RT). NRTIs are not curative and long-term treatment is associated with toxicity and the emergence of drug resistant viral mutations, which can also result in vaccine escape. Recent studies on the multiple functions of HP have provided important mechanistic insights into its diverse roles during different stages of viral replication, including interactions with viral pregenomic RNA, RNA packaging into nucleocapsids, protein priming, minus- and plus-strand viral DNA synthesis, RNase H-mediated degradation of viral RNA, as well as critical host interactions that regulate the multiple HP functions. These diverse functions provide ample opportunities to develop novel HP-targeted antiviral treatments that should contribute to curing chronic HBV infection.
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