New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury.
New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00441-021-03477-w
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Silver J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tran AP;Warren PM;Silver J
严重的脊髓损伤会导致全身功能和感觉永久性丧失。创伤引起多方面的病理生理过程，最终形成复杂的结构，永久重塑细胞结构和细胞外基质。这种结构传统上称为神经胶质/纤维化疤痕。中风、感染和中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经退行性疾病后会出现类似的细胞形成，这表明它们对功能保存的根本重要性。人们越来越认识到，疤痕发挥多种作用，影响创伤后的恢复。对这种结构特性的创新研究对于制定中枢神经系统创伤后恢复运动功能和感觉的治疗策略至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了中枢神经系统的再生潜力如何通过疤痕样结构的形成而随着门类和年龄的变化而变化。我们描述了下一代测序技术的新见解如何对星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元对损伤和发育的反应（尤其是疤痕的神经胶质成分）的分子机制产生更复杂的描述。最后，我们讨论了以疤痕调节为中心的可能的组合治疗方法，以恢复严重中枢神经系统损伤后的功能。
Severe spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of pathophysiological processes which ultimately act to form a complex structure, permanently remodeling the cellular architecture and extracellular matrix. This structure is traditionally termed the glial/fibrotic scar. Similar cellular formations occur following stroke, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) signifying their fundamental importance to preservation of function. It is increasingly recognized that the scar performs multiple roles affecting recovery following traumatic injury. Innovative research into the properties of this structure is imperative to the development of treatment strategies to recover motor function and sensation following CNS trauma. In this review, we summarize how the regeneration potential of the CNS alters across phyla and age through formation of scar-like structures. We describe how new insights from next-generation sequencing technologies have yielded a more complex portrait of the molecular mechanisms governing the astrocyte, microglial, and neuronal responses to injury and development, especially of the glial component of the scar. Finally, we discuss possible combinatorial therapeutic approaches centering on scar modulation to restore function after severe CNS injury.
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