An Extracellular Perspective on CNS Maturation: Perineuronal Nets and the Control of Plasticity.

An Extracellular Perspective on CNS Maturation: Perineuronal Nets and the Control of Plasticity.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms22052434
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发表时间:
2021-02-28
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Verhaagen J
Verhaagen J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carulli D;Verhaagen J

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在出生后生命的有限时间窗口(称为关键期),神经回路具有高度可塑性,并受到环境刺激的影响。从大脑皮层到海马和杏仁核,哺乳动物的几个脑区中,关键期的关闭依赖于神经元周网的形成。神经元周网是细胞外基质的浓缩形式,其围绕神经元子集的索马和近端树突,包裹突触终末。在成年动物中,实验性破坏神经束膜网诱导关键期可塑性的重新激活,指出神经束膜网在关键期关闭时作为可塑性的分子制动器的作用。有趣的是,在成年人的大脑中,神经元周围网络的表达是非常动态的,改变了其可塑性相关的条件,包括记忆过程。在这篇综述中,我们的目的是解决如何perineuronal网络有助于成熟的大脑回路和成人大脑的可塑性和记忆过程中的生理和病理条件的调节。
During restricted time windows of postnatal life, called critical periods, neural circuits are highly plastic and are shaped by environmental stimuli. In several mammalian brain areas, from the cerebral cortex to the hippocampus and amygdala, the closure of the critical period is dependent on the formation of perineuronal nets. Perineuronal nets are a condensed form of an extracellular matrix, which surrounds the soma and proximal dendrites of subsets of neurons, enwrapping synaptic terminals. Experimentally disrupting perineuronal nets in adult animals induces the reactivation of critical period plasticity, pointing to a role of the perineuronal net as a molecular brake on plasticity as the critical period closes. Interestingly, in the adult brain, the expression of perineuronal nets is remarkably dynamic, changing its plasticity-associated conditions, including memory processes. In this review, we aimed to address how perineuronal nets contribute to the maturation of brain circuits and the regulation of adult brain plasticity and memory processes in physiological and pathological conditions.
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