Systems biology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers in neuropsychiatry.
Systems biology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers in neuropsychiatry.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00187
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kobeissy FH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alawieh A;Zaraket FA;Li JL;Mondello S;Nokkari A;Razafsha M;Fadlallah B;Boustany RM;Kobeissy FH
虽然神经精神（NP）障碍是世界范围内残疾的主要原因之一，具有巨大的经济成本，但它们仍然可以被视为病因不明和难以理解的病理生理学的最复杂的疾病的一部分。NP疾病的复杂性来自其病因异质性以及环境和遗传因素的并发影响。此外，正常和患病状态之间缺乏严格的界限，病症之间症状的显著重叠，个体间和群体间的高度变异，以及这些疾病的区别性分子和/或成像生物标志物的缺乏使得准确诊断变得困难。沿着NP障碍的复杂性，精神病学的实践受到依赖于症状检查表的“自上而下”方法的影响。虽然检查表诊断在时间和金钱方面花费较少，但它们不如全面评估准确。因此，需要可靠和客观的诊断工具，如生物标志物，可以检测和区分NP疾病。理解NP障碍的病理生理学的真实的希望在于以系统的方法将精神病学带回其生物学基础，鉴于NP障碍的复杂性，需要这种方法来理解其正常功能和对干扰的反应。这种方法在系统生物学学科中实施，使得能够发现用于诊断和治疗的疾病特异性NP生物标志物。系统生物学涉及使用复杂的计算机软件“组学”为基础的发现工具和先进的性能计算技术，以了解生物系统的行为，并确定诊断和预后的生物标志物，具体为NP障碍与新的治疗目标。在这篇综述中，我们试图阐明系统生物学、生物信息学和生物标志物在神经精神病学中的需求，并说明如何将通过这些方法获得的知识转化为临床应用，为临床医生提供更好的诊断、管理和治疗NP患者的能力。
Although neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders are among the top causes of disability worldwide with enormous financial costs, they can still be viewed as part of the most complex disorders that are of unknown etiology and incomprehensible pathophysiology. The complexity of NP disorders arises from their etiologic heterogeneity and the concurrent influence of environmental and genetic factors. In addition, the absence of rigid boundaries between the normal and diseased state, the remarkable overlap of symptoms among conditions, the high inter-individual and inter-population variations, and the absence of discriminative molecular and/or imaging biomarkers for these diseases makes difficult an accurate diagnosis. Along with the complexity of NP disorders, the practice of psychiatry suffers from a “top-down” method that relied on symptom checklists. Although checklist diagnoses cost less in terms of time and money, they are less accurate than a comprehensive assessment. Thus, reliable and objective diagnostic tools such as biomarkers are needed that can detect and discriminate among NP disorders. The real promise in understanding the pathophysiology of NP disorders lies in bringing back psychiatry to its biological basis in a systemic approach which is needed given the NP disorders’ complexity to understand their normal functioning and response to perturbation. This approach is implemented in the systems biology discipline that enables the discovery of disease-specific NP biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutics. Systems biology involves the use of sophisticated computer software “omics”-based discovery tools and advanced performance computational techniques in order to understand the behavior of biological systems and identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers specific for NP disorders together with new targets of therapeutics. In this review, we try to shed light on the need of systems biology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers in neuropsychiatry, and illustrate how the knowledge gained through these methodologies can be translated into clinical use providing clinicians with improved ability to diagnose, manage, and treat NP patients.
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