Ultrasound molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease.
Ultrasound molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncpcardio1246
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发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wagner, William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Villanueva, Flordeliza S.;Wagner, William R.
心肌造影超声心动图利用静脉注射充气微球作为声活性红细胞示踪剂。超声成像时，微球在心内微循环中畅通无阻，引起短暂性心肌混浊，可作为心肌灌注进行制图和量化。超声分子成像利用类似的声活性微球，将其修饰为在表面携带受体特异性配体，使微球与疾病特异性内皮表位结合。由于微球粘附在内皮细胞上，超声成像显示出持久而非短暂的对比效应，实时指示感兴趣分子的存在和位置。分子对比超声心动图已经发展到检测微血管炎症过程中白细胞粘附分子的上调，如心脏移植排斥反应和缺血再灌注。微球靶向和微血管表位超声成像的原理已经扩展到更大的血管，以成像动脉粥样硬化的分子标志物。本文综述了心血管超声分子成像的研究现状。实验证明的概念将概述和这些概念的临床扩展到心血管疾病的分子成像使用临床超声技术将讨论。
Myocardial contrast echocardiography utilizes intravenously injected gas-filled microspheres as acoustically active red blood cell tracers. During ultrasound imaging, unimpeded microsphere transit through the intramyocardial microcirculation causes transient myocardial opacification, which can be mapped and quantified as myocardial perfusion. Ultrasound molecular imaging utilizes similar acoustically active microspheres, which are modified to bear a receptor-specific ligand on the surface, conferring microsphere binding to a disease- specific endothelial epitope. Because the microspheres adhere to the endothelium, ultrasound imaging reveals a persistent, rather than transient, contrast effect, indicating the presence and location of the molecule of interest in real time. Molecular contrast echocardiography has been developed to detect upregulated leukocyte adhesion molecules during microvascular inflammation, such as occurs in cardiac transplant rejection and ischemia–reperfusion. Principles of microsphere targeting and ultrasound imaging of microvascular epitopes have been extended to larger vessels to image molecular markers of atherosclerosis. This Article summarizes the current status of cardiovascular ultrasound molecular imaging. Experimental proofs of concept will be outlined and the clinical extension of these concepts to the molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease using clinical ultrasound technology will be discussed.
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