Oportunidades de exposición al uso de drogas entre estudiantes de secundaria de la ciudad de México
Oportunidades de exposición al uso de drogas entre estudiantes de secundaria de la ciudad de México
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墨西哥城第二届学生中使用无人机的展示机会
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. C. Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fernando A. Wagner;C. González;Rosa Ma. Aguilera;Luciana Ramos;M. E. Medina;J. C. Anthony
总结介绍。我们的研究是在詹姆斯·c·安东尼的研究小组在过去十年中开展的一项工作之后进行的。在这个小组的研究中，暴露于吸毒机会的概念被认为是了解吸毒最早阶段的有用因素，以及从使用一种药物（如烟草和酒精）到消费其他药物的过渡。暴露机会的概念基于韦德·汉普顿·弗罗斯特的平衡力模型，该模型强调了暴露对流行病发生的重要性。接触使用毒品机会的概念是指一个人可能有机会使用任何特定的毒品，例如朋友或亲戚邀请某人使用毒品；在积极寻找机会后使用药物，或者在没有任何积极参与的情况下接触到机会（当药物正在被其他人使用并且如果需要可以使用，或者在意外发现其他人留下或隐藏的药物之后）。尽管接触机会概念具有相关性，但墨西哥在这方面进行的研究很少。然而，在对这一问题进行更多的研究之前，有必要为大规模研究开发适当的测量仪器。本研究的主要目的是开发一种工具来评估接触毒品的机会，并获得中学生接触吸入性毒品、大麻和可卡因的程度的初步估计。方法。本研究采用定性定量方法，对墨西哥城历史城区的两所中学的全体学生进行了调查。在这些学校开展了先前的工作，使人们能够更好地了解学校人口、他们的父母以及学校的具体组织的某些特点。本研究的定性领域首先得到发展，作为定量领域随后发展的基础。选择焦点小组是为了评估学生是否能够理解并准确报告接触药物机会的时间和顺序。焦点小组也被用来评估一项自我管理的纸笔调查项目的潜在用途。然后设计了调查问卷，问题涉及使用下列每一种物质或每一类物质的机会：酒精、烟草、大麻、可卡因和吸入性药物，以及每一种药物的目前使用情况。问卷还包括其他部分，以评估自杀的想法和企图，暴露于暴力，抑郁和业余活动。这些部分的结果将在以后报告。对于每个部分，我们都使用了以前开发的工具的修订版本，但关于暴力暴露的特定部分除外，该部分是本调查首次特别介绍的。同样值得注意的是，抑郁症部分包括了一个修订版的CES-D量表，最初是由伊顿和他的同事在美国开发的，后来在墨西哥进行了翻译和改编。
SUMMARY Introduction. Our research took place following a prior work developed by James C. Anthony's research group, over the past ten years. In this group's research, the concept of exposure to opportunities to use drugs has been deemed as a useful element to understand the earliest stages of drug involvement, as well as the transition from using one drug such as tobacco and alcohol to consuming other drugs. The concept of exposure opportunity is based on Wade Hampton Frost's balanced force model, which underscores the importance of exposure for an epidemic to happen. The concept of exposure to opportunities to use a drug refers to the chance one may have to use any particular drug, for instance a friend or relative who invites someone to use the drug; to use the drug after actively seeking out the opportunity, or else to have being exposed to an opportunity, without any active involvement (when the drug is being used by others and could have been used if wanted, or after an unexpected finding of a drug which was left or hidden by someone else). In spite of the relevance of the exposure to opportunity concept, very little research has been conducted in Mexico in this area. However, before more research on the matter may take place, it is necessary to develop appropriate measurement instruments for large-scale studies. The main goals of this study were to develop an instrument to assess exposure to opportunities to use drugs, and to obtain a first estimation of the degree to which middle schools students have been exposed to the use of inhalant drugs, marihuana, and cocaine. Methods. Quali-quantitative methods were used in this research, which were used for the whole population of students of two middle schools located in the Historic downtown area of Mexico City. Prior work had been developed at these schools, which allowed to have a better understanding of certain characteristics of the school population, of their parents, and also of the specific organization of the schools. The qualitative area of the study was developed first, as the basis on which the quantitative area would be developed later. Focal groups were selected in order to assess if students could understand and accurately report timing and sequence of exposure to opportunities to use drugs. The focal groups were also used to evaluate the potential usefulness of items for a self-administered, paper and pencil survey. The survey was then designed, with questions on exposure to opportunities to use each of the following substances or groups of substances: alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, cocaine, and inhalant drugs, and in regard to current use of each drug. The questionnaire also included other sections to assess suicide ideation and attempts, exposure to violence, depression, and free-time activities. Results from these sections will be reported in future. For each of the sections we used revised versions of previously developed instruments, with the exception of the specific section on violence exposure that was especially introduced in this survey for the first time. It might also be noteworthy that the depression section included a revised version of the CES-D scale, originally developed by Eaton and colleagues in the US, and which has been translated and adapted in Mexico.
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1992.53.447
发表时间：
1992-09-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
KANDEL, DB;YAMAGUCHI, K;CHEN, K
通讯作者：
CHEN, K
DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.949141312.x
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
VanEtten,ML;Neumark,YD;Anthony,JC
通讯作者：
Anthony,JC
影响因子：
5
作者：
Wagner, FA;Anthony, JC
通讯作者：
Anthony, JC
暴露机会作为将青少年大麻使用与致幻剂使用联系起来的机制。
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Wilcox,HollyC;Wagner,FernandoA;Anthony,JamesC
通讯作者：
Anthony,JamesC