Late-stage oxidative C(sp(3))-H methylation.

Late-stage oxidative C(sp(3))-H methylation.
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晚期氧化C(SP(3)) - H甲基化。

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-020-2137-8
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发表时间:
2020-04
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
White MC
White MC
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Feng K;Quevedo RE;Kohrt JT;Oderinde MS;Reilly U;White MC

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通常被称为“神奇甲基效应”,甲基的安装,特别是α到杂原子,已被证明可以显著增加生物活性分子的效力。目前的甲基化方法显示有限的范围,并没有证明在复杂的设置。在这里,我们报告了一种与后期功能化相容的区域和化学选择性氧化C(sp3) - h甲基化方法。影响这种新化学的关键是高度位点和化学选择性的C-H羟基化与温和的、功能基耐受的甲基化的结合。采用小分子锰催化剂Mn(CF3PDP)在低负荷(底物/催化剂= 200)下,在保持电子中性和丰富芳基的同时,对杂环核心进行了靶向C-H羟基化。氟或路易斯酸有助于形成反应性的铵或氧铵中间体,使适度亲核的有机铝甲基化试剂得以使用,从而保留了底物上的其他亲电功能。晚期C(sp3) -H甲基化在41个底物上被证实,这些底物含有16种不同的具有重要医学意义的核心,包括富电子芳基、杂环、羰基和胺。18种具有竞争位点的药理学相关分子,包括药物(如二唑胺)和天然产物,在电子最丰富、空间阻碍最小的位置选择性地甲基化。两种神奇的甲基底物,RORc逆激动剂和S1P1拮抗剂,通过药物或其晚期前体的晚期甲基化首次被证明。此外,一个前所未有的远程甲基化的b环碳循环的阿比特龙类似物显示。在后期阶段将这种复杂分子甲基化的能力将减少合成工作量,从而加快对神奇甲基效应的更广泛探索,以追求新的小分子疗法和化学探针。
Frequently referred to as the “magic methyl effect”, installation of methyl groups, especially α to heteroatoms, has been shown to drastically increase the potency of bioactive molecules. Current methylation methods display limited scope and have not been demonstrated in complex settings. Herein we report a regio- and chemoselective oxidative C(sp3)–H methylation method compatible with late-stage functionalization. A key to affecting this new chemistry was the combination of a highly site- and chemoselective C–H hydroxylation with a mild, functional group tolerant methylation. Using a small molecule manganese catalyst Mn(CF3PDP) at low loading (substrate/catalyst = 200) afforded targeted C–H hydroxylation on heterocyclic cores while preserving electron neutral and rich aryls. Fluorine or Lewis acid assisted formation of reactive iminium or oxonium intermediates enabled the use of a modestly nucleophilic organoaluminum methylating reagent that preserves other electrophilic functionalities on the substrate. The late-stage C(sp3)–H methylation is demonstrated on forty-one substrates housing sixteen different medicinally important cores incorporating electron-rich aryls, heterocycles, carbonyls, and amines. Eighteen pharmacologically relevant molecules with competing sites, including drugs (for example tedizolid) and natural products, are methylated site-selectively at the most electron rich, least sterically hindered position. Syntheses of two magic methyl substrates, an RORc inverse agonist and an S1P1 antagonist, are demonstrated for the first time via late-stage methylation from the drug or its advanced precursor. Additionally, an unprecedented remote methylation of the B-ring carbocycle of an abiraterone analog is shown. The ability to methylate such complex molecules at late stages will reduce synthetic effort and thereby expedite broader exploration of the magic methyl effect in pursuit of novel small molecule therapeutics and chemical probes.
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604507
发表时间: 2017-01-05
影响因子: 4.3
作者:
Annese, Cosimo;D'Accolti, Lucia;Zonta, Cristiano
通讯作者: Zonta, Cristiano
DOI: 10.1021/ja407388y
发表时间: 2013-09-25
影响因子: 15
作者:
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通讯作者: White, M. Christina
DOI: 10.1038/nature22813
发表时间: 2017-07-06
期刊: Nature
影响因子: 64.8
作者:
Le C;Liang Y;Evans RW;Li X;MacMillan DWC
通讯作者: MacMillan DWC
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809431
发表时间: 2019-05-06
期刊: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
影响因子: --
作者:
Milligan JA;Phelan JP;Badir SO;Molander GA
通讯作者: Molander GA
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01210
发表时间: 2017-11-09
影响因子: 7.3
作者:
Fujimoto, Jun;Okamoto, Rei;Matsunaga, Nobuyuki
通讯作者: Matsunaga, Nobuyuki