Challenges in Establishing Cross-Border Resilience Urban Disaster Resilience and Security
Challenges in Establishing Cross-Border Resilience Urban Disaster Resilience and Security
复制标题
建立跨境抗灾能力的挑战 城市抗灾能力和安全
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6_25
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schultmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fiedrich;Lotter;Münzberg;Rigaud;Raskob;Schultmann
本章重点讨论城市化跨界区域所具有的抵御风险。虽然跨界区域的特点是其发展和历史所固有的脆弱性来源多种多样，但对这些区域如何应对可能影响边界两侧的灾害的了解仍然是片面的。几十年来，大多数跨境地区从经济和制度角度都在扩张。与此同时，城市密度一直在增加，关键基础设施的复杂性也在增加，例如交通或配电，这些基础设施支持医疗保健等基本服务。由于这种复杂性，这些基础设施是当今跨界地区的主要脆弱性。此外，由于历史和共存的不同文化背景，边疆公民的行为仍然不确定。本章介绍了复原力的概念，作为一个有价值的透镜，研究跨界地区的灾害管理。更具体地说，本章提议利用复原力方法来应对与跨界区域的基础设施、组织和行为有关的风险。通过这样做，本章有助于从整体上看待这些脆弱性及其在灾害发生时的管理。虽然欧洲的许多项目都考虑到了跨界区域的一些特殊性，但仍然缺乏一种全面的跨界复原力方法。我们用法德跨境地区的例子说明了这种方法的相关性。更进一步，本章介绍了印加项目，该项目依赖于对跨界复原力的多学科调查，并将提供一个基于代理人的模型，以支持面临灾害的跨界地区的决策。
This chapter focuses on resilience stakes that characterize urbanizing cross-border regions. While cross-border regions are characterized by multiple sources of vulnerabilities that are inherent to their development and history, knowledge remains partial in relation to how these regions address disasters that could affect both sides of the frontier. For decades, most cross-border regions have been expanding both from economical and institutional perspectives. In the meantime, urban density has been increasing, as well as the complexity of critical infrastructures—for instance, transportation or electricity distribution—that support essential services such as health care. Due to such complexity, these infrastructures represent major vulnerabilities for cross-border regions nowadays. In addition, borderland citizens’ behaviours remain uncertain, due to history and co-existing diverse cultural backgrounds. The chapter introduces the concept of resilience as a valuable lens to investigate disaster management of cross-border regions. More specifically, this chapter proposes to draw on resilience methodologies to address risks related to infrastructure, organization and behaviours in cross-border regions. By doing so, the chapter contributes to a holistic perspective on these vulnerabilities and their management when a disaster strikes. While a large spectrum of European projects has taken into consideration some of cross-border regions’ specificities, a comprehensive approach to cross-border resilience is still missing. We illustrate the relevance of this approach with the example of the French–German cross-border region. Going further, the chapter presents the INCA project that relies on multidisciplinary investigation of cross-border resilience and will deliver an agent-based model to support decision-making in cross-border regions facing disasters.
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