A single Streptomyces symbiont makes multiple antifungals to support the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus.
A single Streptomyces symbiont makes multiple antifungals to support the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0022028
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hutchings MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seipke RF;Barke J;Brearley C;Hill L;Yu DW;Goss RJ;Hutchings MI
Attine 蚂蚁依赖培养的真菌作为食物，并使用共生放线菌产生的抗生素作为真菌花园中的除草剂。属于假诺卡氏菌属、链霉菌属和拟无枝酸菌属的放线菌已从蚂蚁巢中分离出来，并被证明可以提供针对一系列微真菌杂草的保护。在之前对高等蚂蚁 Acromyrmex octospinosus 的研究中，我们分离出了一种产生念珠菌素的链霉菌菌株，这与另一篇关于蚂蚁在真菌培养中使用链霉菌产生的念珠菌素的报道一致。在这里，我们报告了该链霉菌菌株的基因组分析，并确定了多种抗生素生物合成途径。我们通过基因破坏和质谱分析证明，该单一菌株具有产生念珠菌素和多种抗霉素化合物的能力。尽管抗霉素已知已有 60 年以上的历史，但我们首次报告了生物合成基因簇的序列。至关重要的是，破坏同一菌株中的念珠菌素和抗霉素基因簇不会影响对抗一种名为 Escovopsis 的共同进化巢穴病原体的生物活性，这种病原体已在约 30% 的蚂蚁蚁巢中被发现。由于链霉菌菌株对 Escovopsis 具有很强的生物活性，我们得出结论，它必须产生额外的抗真菌剂来抑制 Escovopsis。然而，念珠菌素和抗霉素可能可以针对感染阿汀真菌花园的其他微真菌杂草提供保护。因此，我们建议从自然环境中选择这种生物合成多产的菌株为八棘环孢菌提供了针对 Escovopsis 和其他微真菌杂草的广谱活性。
Attine ants are dependent on a cultivated fungus for food and use antibiotics produced by symbiotic Actinobacteria as weedkillers in their fungus gardens. Actinobacterial species belonging to the genera Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis have been isolated from attine ant nests and shown to confer protection against a range of microfungal weeds. In previous work on the higher attine Acromyrmex octospinosus we isolated a Streptomyces strain that produces candicidin, consistent with another report that attine ants use Streptomyces-produced candicidin in their fungiculture. Here we report the genome analysis of this Streptomyces strain and identify multiple antibiotic biosynthetic pathways. We demonstrate, using gene disruptions and mass spectrometry, that this single strain has the capacity to make candicidin and multiple antimycin compounds. Although antimycins have been known for >60 years we report the sequence of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the first time. Crucially, disrupting the candicidin and antimycin gene clusters in the same strain had no effect on bioactivity against a co-evolved nest pathogen called Escovopsis that has been identified in ∼30% of attine ant nests. Since the Streptomyces strain has strong bioactivity against Escovopsis we conclude that it must make additional antifungal(s) to inhibit Escovopsis. However, candicidin and antimycins likely offer protection against other microfungal weeds that infect the attine fungal gardens. Thus, we propose that the selection of this biosynthetically prolific strain from the natural environment provides A. octospinosus with broad spectrum activity against Escovopsis and other microfungal weeds.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1008441108
发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Schoenian, Ilka;Spiteller, Michael;Spiteller, Dieter
通讯作者：
Spiteller, Dieter
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
PANDEY, RC;TOUSSAINT, MW;WHITE, RJ
通讯作者：
WHITE, RJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0904827106
发表时间：
2009-10-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Sen, Ruchira;Ishak, Heather D.;Mueller, Ulrich G.
通讯作者：
Mueller, Ulrich G.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1934677100
发表时间：
2003-11-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Challis, GL;Hopwood, DA
通讯作者：
Hopwood, DA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0812082106
发表时间：
2009-03-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Haeder, Susanne;Wirth, Rainer;Spiteller, Dieter
通讯作者：
Spiteller, Dieter