Nonlinear Luttinger liquid plasmons in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

Nonlinear Luttinger liquid plasmons in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes
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半导体单壁碳纳米管中的非线性Luttinger液体等离子体激元

DOI:
10.1038/s41563-020-0652-5
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发表时间:
2020-03
期刊:
影响因子:
41.2
通讯作者:
Wang Feng
Wang Feng
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang Sheng;Zhao Sihan;Shi Zhiwen;Wu Fanqi;Zhao Zhiyuan;Jiang Lili;Watanabe Kenji;Taniguchi Takashi;Zettl Alex;Zhou Chongwu;Wang Feng

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限制在一维中的相互作用电子通常由Luttinger液体形式描述,其中低能电子色散被假设为线性的,并且所产生的等离子体激元激发是非相互作用的。相反,具有非线性电子带的一维材料中的Luttinger液体预计将显示出强烈的等离子体-等离子体相互作用,但缺乏对这种行为的实验证明。在这里,我们结合联合收割机红外纳米成像和电子输运的等离子体激元激发在半导体单壁碳纳米管的载流子密度控制的静电门控的行为。我们发现,等离子体激元的传播速度和动态阻尼可以连续调谐,这是很好地捕捉到的非线性Luttinger液体理论。这些结果与在金属纳米管中观察到的门独立等离子体激元形成对比,正如预期的线性Luttinger液体。我们的发现提供了超越传统线性Luttinger液体范式的一维电子动力学的实验证明,并且对于理解一维激发态性质非常重要。
Interacting electrons confined in one dimension are generally described by the Luttinger liquid formalism, where the low-energy electronic dispersion is assumed to be linear and the resulting plasmonic excitations are non-interacting. Instead, a Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional materials with nonlinear electronic bands is expected to show strong plasmon–plasmon interactions, but an experimental demonstration of this behaviour has been lacking. Here, we combine infrared nano-imaging and electronic transport to investigate the behaviour of plasmonic excitations in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with carrier density controlled by electrostatic gating. We show that both the propagation velocity and the dynamic damping of plasmons can be tuned continuously, which is well captured by the nonlinear Luttinger liquid theory. These results contrast with the gate-independent plasmons observed in metallic nanotubes, as expected for a linear Luttinger liquid. Our findings provide an experimental demonstration of one-dimensional electron dynamics beyond the conventional linear Luttinger liquid paradigm and are important for understanding excited-state properties in one dimension.
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