The use of CCDs and EM-CCDs for future soft x-ray spectrometers

The use of CCDs and EM-CCDs for future soft x-ray spectrometers
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CCD 和 EM-CCD 在未来软 X 射线光谱仪中的使用

DOI:
10.1117/12.925138
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tutt J
Tutt J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tutt J

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电荷耦合器件已经用于几次成功的X射线空间飞行任务,包括高分辨率软X射线光谱仪,如XMM-Newton1上的反射光栅光谱仪和Chandra2上的LETG和HETG。这些仪器的分辨率为(E/ΔE)~300;然而,使用新技术可以提高分辨率,使其分辨率达到热极限。在软X射线波段(200 eV至10keV),需要3000左右的分辨率才能解决所有可能的吸收和发射特征。通过为IX03上的OP-XGS和WHIMEx探测器飞行任务4开发仪器,已经表明,在航天器上使用能够达到这一分辨率的仪器是可能的。电荷耦合器件是用于探测这种能量的X射线的理想探测器,因为它们提供的位置信息允许高水平的空间分辨率,并且其固有的能量分辨率允许分离衍射级。本文将研究在软X射线光谱分析中使用电荷耦合器件和可能使用的电磁-电荷耦合器件。信号在电荷域的倍增可以提高低能光子的可探测性,改善信噪比。乘法增益已被证明会降低器件的分辨率,如改进的Fano Factor5所述,因此当需要重叠的光谱阶数以获得必要的分辨率时,必须在仪器设计中考虑这一点。讨论了滤光片在ccd上的使用及其对软X射线能量下量子效率的影响,以及对现有技术的可能改进。
CCDs have been used on several successful X-ray space missions including high resolution soft X-ray spectrometers, such as the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton1 and the LETG and HETG on Chandra2. These instruments had a resolving power of (E/ ΔE) ~300; however, with new technology this can be improved allowing resolution to the thermal limit. In the soft X-ray band (200 eV to 10 keV) a resolution of around 3000 is required resolve all of the possible absorption and emission features. Through the development of instruments for the OP-XGS on IXO3 and the WHIMEx explorer mission4 it has been shown that an instrument capable of this resolution on a spacecraft is possible. CCDs are the ideal detector for use in detection of X-rays at this energy as they provide positional information allowing a high level of spatial resolution and their inherent energy resolution allowing diffracted orders to be separated. This paper will investigate the use of CCDs and possible use of EM-CCDs in soft X-ray spectroscopy. The multiplication of signal in the charge domain can increase the detectability of low energy photons, improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Multiplication gain has been shown to degrade the resolution of a device as described by the Modified Fano Factor5, so this has to be taken into account in instrument design when overlapping spectral orders are needed to achieved the necessary resolution. The use of optical filters on the CCDs and their effect on quantum efficiency at soft X-ray energies is discussed together with possible improvements to existing technology.
EM-CCD 在高分辨率软 X 射线光谱仪上的使用
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊: Optical Engineering + Applications
影响因子: --
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