The representation of priors and decisions in the human parietal cortex.
The representation of priors and decisions in the human parietal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3002383
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发表时间：
2024-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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动物通过诸如扫视眼球运动的定向动作来主动地采样它们的环境。扫视目标的选择基于紧接在扫视之前的感官证据和“显著性图”或在多次扫视上的先前构建。在灵长类动物的大脑皮层中，每一个眼跳的选择都取决于目标选择细胞之间的竞争，这些细胞会提高眼跳释放的发射率。然而，目前尚不清楚如何实现交叉扫视先验，无论是在神经放电或通过活动沉默机制，如修改突触的感觉输入的权重。在这里，我们提出的证据，从脑磁图为2个不同的过程的基础上选择当前的眼跳，和表示的前，在人类顶叶皮层。虽然经典的斜坡决策过程中，每个扫视反映在神经放电率（测量的事件相关领域），一个事先建立在多个扫视通过调制的增益从首选目标的感官输入，证明了快速频率标记。随着时间的推移的级联计算（先验的初始表示，随后是证据积累，然后是先验和证据的整合）提供了一种机制，通过该机制，可以在顶叶皮层中的扫视中建立显着性图。它还提供了洞察顶叶皮层的失活已被证明不会影响性能的单次试验，尽管存在明确的证据积累信号在这个地区的明显矛盾。你所知道的是如何影响你看的地方的？这项研究表明，顶叶大脑区域既能解决选项之间的竞争（“我下一步该看哪里？”），并且--通过不同的机制--整合来自早期经验的信息（“我以前看到过什么？”）。
Animals actively sample their environment through orienting actions such as saccadic eye movements. Saccadic targets are selected based both on sensory evidence immediately preceding the saccade, and a “salience map” or prior built-up over multiple saccades. In the primate cortex, the selection of each individual saccade depends on competition between target-selective cells that ramp up their firing rate to saccade release. However, it is less clear how a cross-saccade prior might be implemented, either in neural firing or through an activity-silent mechanism such as modification of synaptic weights on sensory inputs. Here, we present evidence from magnetoencephalography for 2 distinct processes underlying the selection of the current saccade, and the representation of the prior, in human parietal cortex. While the classic ramping decision process for each saccade was reflected in neural firing rates (measured in the event-related field), a prior built-up over multiple saccades was implemented via modulation of the gain on sensory inputs from the preferred target, as evidenced by rapid frequency tagging. A cascade of computations over time (initial representation of the prior, followed by evidence accumulation and then an integration of prior and evidence) provides a mechanism by which a salience map may be built up across saccades in parietal cortex. It also provides insight into the apparent contradiction that inactivation of parietal cortex has been shown not to affect performance on single-trials, despite the presence of clear evidence accumulation signals in this region. How does what you know influence where you look? This study shows that parietal brain regions both resolve competition between options (‘where should I look next?’), and—via a different mechanism—integrate information from earlier experiences (‘what have I seen before?’).
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