Parallel trends in cortical gray and white matter architecture and connections in primates allow fine study of pathways in humans and reveal network disruptions in autism.
Parallel trends in cortical gray and white matter architecture and connections in primates allow fine study of pathways in humans and reveal network disruptions in autism.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.2004559
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Barbas H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zikopoulos B;García-Cabezas MÁ;Barbas H
非侵入性成像和纤维束成像方法已经产生了广泛的通信网络的信息，但缺乏分辨率来描绘人类的板内皮层和皮层下通路。一个重要的悬而未决的问题是，我们是否可以利用猴子身上丰富的精确信息来了解人类的联系。我们在系统性皮质变异的理论框架内解决了这个问题，并使用相同的高分辨率方法来比较皮质灰质和下面的白色物质的结构，这引起了人类和恒河猴的短距离和长距离通路。我们使用前额叶皮层作为模型系统，因为它在注意力、情绪和执行功能中起着关键作用，这些过程经常受到大脑疾病的影响。我们发现，人类和猴子的灰质和白色物质结构，以及恒河猴和人类的神经示踪剂绘制的结构和实际连接之间存在惊人的相似之处和一致的趋势。使用新的架构肖像作为基础，我们发现自闭症患者的附近前额叶和远处区域之间的通路发生了显着变化。我们的研究结果表明，一个理论框架，允许在高分辨率和特定的中断在不同的精神和神经退行性疾病的人类正常神经通信的研究。从动物研究中获得的关于大脑皮层（大脑的外缘）结构和连接的丰富信息，能否被转化为理解人类的神经通讯和脑部疾病的中断？为了解决这个问题，我们检查了与注意力、情绪和执行控制相关的前额叶皮层，这些功能在精神病和神经病中被破坏。我们比较了人类和恒河猴皮层的结构，在两个物种中使用相同的方法来最大限度地提高比较的准确性。高分辨率显微镜显示了由许多细胞组成的灰质区域的特征，以及下面的白色物质，其中包含形成大脑区域之间连接的轴突。我们发现，人类和猴子的灰色和白色物质的结构系统地（平行地）变化，并反映了示踪剂评估的连接。使用与对照人类大脑建立的模板，我们发现自闭症患者大脑中的短距离和长距离通路存在显着差异。在这里建立的框架有助于预测模式的架构和连接的地区在哺乳动物物种和设置阶段，以整合功能成像数据从控制对象比较与人类的病理状态。
Noninvasive imaging and tractography methods have yielded information on broad communication networks but lack resolution to delineate intralaminar cortical and subcortical pathways in humans. An important unanswered question is whether we can use the wealth of precise information on pathways from monkeys to understand connections in humans. We addressed this question within a theoretical framework of systematic cortical variation and used identical high-resolution methods to compare the architecture of cortical gray matter and the white matter beneath, which gives rise to short- and long-distance pathways in humans and rhesus monkeys. We used the prefrontal cortex as a model system because of its key role in attention, emotions, and executive function, which are processes often affected in brain diseases. We found striking parallels and consistent trends in the gray and white matter architecture in humans and monkeys and between the architecture and actual connections mapped with neural tracers in rhesus monkeys and, by extension, in humans. Using the novel architectonic portrait as a base, we found significant changes in pathways between nearby prefrontal and distant areas in autism. Our findings reveal that a theoretical framework allows study of normal neural communication in humans at high resolution and specific disruptions in diverse psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Can the wealth of information from animal studies on the structure and connections of the cerebral cortex—the brain’s outer rim—be translated to understand neural communication in humans and disruption in brain diseases? To address this question, we examined the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with attention, emotions, and executive control—functions that are disrupted in psychiatric and neurologic diseases. We compared the architecture of the human and rhesus monkey cortex, using identical methods in both species to maximize the accuracy of comparisons. High-resolution microscopy revealed features of gray matter regions, made up of many cells, as well as of the white matter beneath, which contains axons that form connections between brain regions. We found that the architecture of the gray and white matter in humans and monkeys varies systematically (and in parallel) and reflects connections assessed by tracers. Using the template established with control human brains, we found significant differences in short- and long-distance pathways in the brains of individuals with autism. The framework established here helps predict patterns in the architecture and connections of areas across mammalian species and sets the stage to integrate functional imaging data from control subjects to compare with pathological states in humans.
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影响因子：
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