Inkan Seals as Tools of Labor Selection in Early 20th Century Mining
Inkan Seals as Tools of Labor Selection in Early 20th Century Mining
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印坎印章作为 20 世纪初采矿业劳动力选择的工具
DOI：
10.1093/ssjj/jyaa025
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
MORIMOTO Mayo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
斉藤 美穂;山中 卓;山中 卓;Suguru Yamanaka;MORIMOTO MAYO;MORIMOTO Mayo
在这项研究中，我通过调查“工作申请”来分析20世纪头十年煤矿行业普遍存在的招聘机制，这被认为是雇佣合同的功能。这些职位申请包括775名申请人的姓名、年龄、地址和以前的职业，以及各自推荐人的姓名，所有这些都已汇编在一个数据库中。值得注意的是，有些求职者在求职信上加盖了个人印章。当时，印章的使用——一种传统的日本习俗——并不像现在这样在全体公民中普及。那个时代的煤矿工人往往是没有受过什么正规教育的乡下人，社会经济地位相对较低。在本文中，我们将探讨他们使用密封的可能动机。我们的研究结果表明，在这些技能相对较低的工人中，使用印章的趋势具有统计学意义，而且使用印章的申请人倾向于直接被矿业公司雇用，而不是通过推荐招聘，尽管后者在当时被广泛使用。这些趋势与该公司寻找纪律严明、勤奋的工人来雇佣拥有印章的人的假设是一致的。这也与低技能工人使用印章作为勤奋形象的信号的假设相一致。
In this study, I analyze a hiring mechanism prevalent in the coal mining industry in the first decade of the 1900s by investigating ‘job applications’, which are assumed to have functioned as employment contracts. These job applications include the names, ages, addresses, and previous occupations of 775 applicants, as well as the names of respective referrers, all of which have been compiled in a database. It is noteworthy that some of the applicants affixed personal seals to their job applications. At the time, the use of seals—a traditional Japanese practice—was not pervasive throughout the entire citizenry, as it is now. Coal miners of that era tended to be rustic people with little formal education who were accorded a relatively low socio-economic status. In this article, we explore possible motivations underlying their use of seals. Our results indicate a statistically significant tendency toward the use of seals among these relatively low-skilled workers, as well as a tendency for applicants who used seals to be hired directly by the mining company, rather than through referral hiring, even though the latter was widely used at the time. These trends are consistent with the supposition that the company sought disciplined and diligent workers to hire people who owned seals. This is also consistent with the supposition that low-skilled workers employed seals as a signal to project an image of diligence.
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