Cigarettes sold in China: design, emissions and metals.
Cigarettes sold in China: design, emissions and metals.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2009.030163
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发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Fong GT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Connor RJ;Li Q;Stephens WE;Hammond D;Elton-Marshall T;Cummings KM;Giovino GA;Fong GT
中国是世界上最大的卷烟制造商中国国家烟草公司的所在地，但人们对中国卷烟的设计和排放却知之甚少。CNTC目前正在整合其品牌，并雄心勃勃地想要出口其卷烟。该公司许多卷烟品牌的机器测量焦油产量也有所下降，与上世纪70年代至90年代西方国家的情况类似，当时推出了所谓的低焦油香烟，以解决消费者对吸烟健康风险的担忧。目前的研究考察了2005-2006年和2007年从7个城市购买的中国主要品牌卷烟的设计和物理特征、标签烟雾排放和烟草金属含量。研究结果表明，与大多数国家一样，中国卷烟的焦油水平主要是通过烟草重量和过滤器通风来预测的。通风可以解释焦油中观察到的大约50%的变化和一氧化碳产量的60%的变化。我们发现，在这两轮购买的香烟的主要设计特征几乎没有显著变化。我们观察到各种金属的显著水平，2005年至2006年，在13个品牌的子样本中，平均含量为0.82ppg/g砷(范围为0.3-3.3)、3.21 μg/g镉(范围为2.0-5.4)和2.65 μg/g铅(范围为1.2-6.5)，大大高于当代加拿大产品。结果表明，中国的香烟与西方国家出售的香烟越来越相似，但烟草中的重金属含量更高。随着CNTC寻求将其产品出口到世界各地，对烟草产品特性，包括烟草混合特性的独立监测将变得越来越重要。
China is the home to the world's largest cigarette maker, China National Tobacco Company (CNTC), yet little is known publicly about the design and emissions of Chinese cigarettes. CNTC is currently in the process of consolidating its brands and has ambitions to export its cigarettes. Machine-measured tar yields of many of its cigarette brands have also been reduced, similar to what occurred in Western countries from the 1970s through the 1990s with so-called ‘low-tar’ cigarettes introduced to address consumer concerns about health risks from smoking. The current study examines the design and physical characteristics, labelled smoke emissions and tobacco metals content of leading brands of Chinese cigarettes from seven cities purchased in 2005–6 and in 2007. Findings suggest that similar to most countries, tar levels of Chinese cigarettes are predicted primarily by tobacco weight and filter ventilation. Ventilation explained approximately 50% of variation observed in tar and 60% variation in carbon monoxide yields. We found little significant change in key design features of cigarettes purchased in both rounds. We observed significant levels of various metals, averaging 0.82 μg/g arsenic (range 0.3–3.3), 3.21 μg/g cadmium (range 2.0–5.4) and 2.65 μg/g lead (range 1.2–6.5) in a subsample of 13 brands in 2005–6, substantially higher than contemporary Canadian products. Results suggest that cigarettes in China increasingly resemble those sold in Western countries, but with tobacco containing higher levels of heavy metals. As CNTC looks to export its product around the world, independent surveillance of tobacco product characteristics, including tobacco blend characteristics, will become increasingly important.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Hammond, David;Fong, Geoffrey T.;McNeill, Ann
通讯作者：
McNeill, Ann
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
O'Connor, R. J.;Hammond, D.;Cummings, K. M.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Burns DM;Dybing E;Gray N;Hecht S;Anderson C;Sanner T;O'Connor R;Djordjevic M;Dresler C;Hainaut P;Jarvis M;Opperhuizen A;Straif K
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Wu, D;Landsberger, S;Larson, SM
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影响因子：
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作者：
Elton-Marshall T;Fong GT;Zanna MP;Jiang Y;Hammond D;O'Connor RJ;Yong HH;Li L;King B;Li Q;Borland R;Cummings KM;Driezen P
通讯作者：
Driezen P