Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal.
Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal.
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在香烟烟雾中要求降低有毒物质：世界卫生组织Tobreg提案的描述。
DOI：
10.1136/tc.2007.024158
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发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Straif K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burns DM;Dybing E;Gray N;Hecht S;Anderson C;Sanner T;O'Connor R;Djordjevic M;Dresler C;Hainaut P;Jarvis M;Opperhuizen A;Straif K
《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》和世卫组织烟草制品管制研究小组认为，防止开始使用烟草制品、促进戒烟和保护公众免受二手烟的影响是减少与烟草有关的发病率和死亡率的最有效方法。然而，《烟草控制框架公约》也承认有必要在条约第9条和第10条中对烟草制品进行管制。为了向这一进程提供信息，TobReg编写了一系列报告，开始为烟草制品监管提供科学基础。1-6本文总结了由国际癌症研究机构（IARC）和世卫组织联合工作组制定并经TobReg批准的一项建议以及导致该建议的考虑因素，该建议提出了卷烟的性能标准以及使用这些标准来强制减少卷烟烟雾中有毒物质产生的战略。历史上用于对香烟烟雾进行分类的最常用测量方法是根据美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)/国际标准组织（ISO）的测试方案，机器测量每支香烟的焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳（TNCO）含量。目前的科学共识是，这些每根香烟的产量并不能提供有效的估计，即在吸不同品牌的香烟时，人体暴露量或相对暴露量。17 - 9将这些措施作为对其接触量或风险的估计告知吸烟者会造成伤害，因为这会误导吸烟者，使他们相信，使用不同机器测量产量的香烟品牌可能会产生接触量和风险的差异。这种持续的危害使人们无法继续接受目前基于每台卷烟机测量的TNCO水平的监管战略，并有必要制定新的监管方法。除了美国联邦贸易委员会/国际标准化组织的方法之外，还对机器吸烟方法进行了研究，特别是那些具有更强烈的雾化参数和堵塞香烟过滤嘴中部分或全部通风口的方法。例子包括美国马萨诸塞州和加拿大政府制定的方案。这些方法通常可以提高每根香烟的产量，并减少烟草的危害
Preventing initiation of tobacco product use, promoting cessation of tobacco use, and protecting the public from exposure to second hand smoke are recognised by the World Health organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and by the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) as the most effective approaches to reducing tobacco related morbidity and mortality. However, the FCTC also recognises the need for tobacco product regulation in articles 9 and 10 of the treaty. In order to inform that process TobReg has developed a series of reports that begin to provide a scientific foundation for tobacco product regulation. 1–6 This paper summarises a proposal, and the considerations that led to it, developed by a joint International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and WHO working group, and approved by TobReg, which presents performance standards for cigarettes and a strategy to use them to mandate a reduction in the toxicant yields for cigarette smoke.WHY A NEW APPROACH WAS NECESSARY AND OTHER APPROACHES CONSIDERED The most common measurements used historically to categorise cigarette smoke have been machine measured tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide (TNCO) yields per cigarette based on the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC)/International Standards Organization (ISO) testing regimen. There is a current scientific consensus that these per cigarette yields do not provide valid estimates of human exposure or of relative human exposure when smoking different brands of cigarettes. 1 7–9 Communication of these measures to smokers as estimates of their exposure or risk creates harm by misleading smokers to believe that differences in exposures and risk are likely to occur with switching to cigarette brands with different machinemeasured yields. This ongoing harm precludes continued acceptance of current regulatory strategies based on per cigarette machine measured TNCO levels and necessitates development of new regulatory approaches. Machine smoking regimens other than the FTC/ISO regimen have also been examined, particularly ones with more intense puffing parameters and which block some or all of the ventilation holes in cigarette filters. Examples include those developed by the US State of Massachusetts and the Canadian Government. These regimens generally produce higher yields per cigarette and reduce the
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0773.1997.tb01973.x
发表时间：
1997-06-01
期刊：
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dybing, E;Sanner, T;Tennant, RW
通讯作者：
Tennant, RW
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Counts, ME;Morton, MJ;Lipowicz, PJ
通讯作者：
Lipowicz, PJ