The process of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis.

The process of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00441-016-2456-0
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发表时间:
2017-01
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Lightowlers, Robert N.
Lightowlers, Robert N.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mai, Nicole;Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Zofia M. A.;Lightowlers, Robert N.

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氧化磷酸化(Oxidative phosphorylation,OXPHOS)是细胞的主要能量来源ATP通过利用细胞呼吸作用产生的机制。这是由线粒体内膜内的五个多亚基复合物促进的。这些复合物,除了复合物II,是一个双重的遗传起源,需要从核和线粒体基因的表达。线粒体编码的mRNA在线粒体核糖体(mitoribosome)上翻译,并且最近释放的哺乳动物mitoribosome的近原子分辨率结构突出了其特有的特征。然而,虽然线粒体翻译的某些方面是了解的,很多是要了解线粒体mRNA的线粒体,机器的生物起源,膜的确切作用,translocon/插入机器的组成和翻译的调节在线粒体的介绍。本文综述了我们目前对哺乳动物线粒体基因表达的了解,突出了关键问题,并指出了这一过程中的缺陷如何导致深刻的线粒体疾病。
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the mechanism whereby ATP, the major energy source for the cell, is produced by harnessing cellular respiration in the mitochondrion. This is facilitated by five multi-subunit complexes housed within the inner mitochondrial membrane. These complexes, with the exception of complex II, are of a dual genetic origin, requiring expression from nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrially encoded mRNA is translated on the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) and the recent release of the near atomic resolution structure of the mammalian mitoribosome has highlighted its peculiar features. However, whereas some aspects of mitochondrial translation are understood, much is to be learnt about the presentation of mitochondrial mRNA to the mitoribosome, the biogenesis of the machinery, the exact role of the membrane, the constitution of the translocon/insertion machinery and the regulation of translation in the mitochondrion. This review addresses our current knowledge of mammalian mitochondrial gene expression, highlights key questions and indicates how defects in this process can result in profound mitochondrial disease.
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