Are self-injurers impulsive?: Results from two behavioral laboratory studies.
Are self-injurers impulsive?: Results from two behavioral laboratory studies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.041
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发表时间：
2009-10-30
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Nock, Matthew K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janis, Irene Belle;Nock, Matthew K.
临床常识表明，自残的人是冲动的。然而，尽管有证据表明，人们准确报告发生在意识之外的认知过程的能力有限，但实际上，该领域之前的所有工作都依赖于个人对冲动的自我报告。为了解决这一知识差距，我们使用了基于表现的冲动几个维度的测量方法来评估从事非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的人是否比非伤害者表现出更大的冲动。在研究1中，我们比较了青少年自伤者（n=64）与年龄、性别和种族/民族相匹配的非伤害对照组（n=30）的自我报告冲动（《学龄期儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症表》，现在版和终生版），以及基于表现的冲动两个维度的测量：行为去抑制（康纳斯连续表现测试）和冒险决策（爱荷华赌博任务）。在研究2中，我们比较了成年女性自伤者（n=20）与年龄和种族/民族匹配的非伤害对照（n=20）的自我报告冲动（Barratt冲动性量表-11）、基于绩效的行为去抑制、风险决策和两种延迟折扣测量。在这两项研究中，自残者的冲动程度更高；然而，基于表现的冲动测量没有发现任何组间差异。我们对自我报告和基于绩效的冲动性测量之间的差异提出了几种可能的解释，并讨论了冲动性和自伤的未来研究方向。
Common clinical wisdom suggests that people who engage in self-injury are impulsive. However, virtually all prior work in this area has relied on individuals’ self-report of impulsiveness, despite evidence that people are limited in their ability to accurately report on cognitive processes that occur outside awareness. To address this knowledge gap, we used performance-based measures of several dimensions of impulsiveness to assess whether people engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) demonstrate greater impulsiveness than non-injurers. In Study 1, we compared adolescent self-injurers (n=64) to age, sex, and race/ethnicity matched, non-injurious controls (n=30) on self-report impulsiveness (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Lifetime Version,), and on performance-based measures of two dimensions of impulsiveness: behavioral disinhibition (Conners’ Continuous Performance Test,) and risky decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task,). In Study 2, we compared adult female self-injurers (n=20) to age and race/ethnicity matched, non-injurious controls (n=20) on self-report impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11,), and performance-based measures of behavioral disinhibition, risky decision-making, and two measures of delay discounting. In both studies, self-injurers reported greater impulsiveness; however, performance-based measures of impulsiveness failed to detect any between-group differences. We propose several potential explanations for the discrepancies observed between self-report and performance-based measures of impulsiveness and discuss directions for future research on impulsiveness and self-injury.
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