Time-space-displaced responses in the orangutan vocal system.
Time-space-displaced responses in the orangutan vocal system.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aau3401
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Call J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lameira AR;Call J
野生红毛猩猩母亲会权衡捕食者带来的危险，等到安全的时候再通知它们依赖的婴儿。语言的定义性特征之一是移位指称，即传递关于不存在的事物或关于过去或未来事件的信息的能力。它在自然界中非常罕见，在任何非人类灵长类动物中都没有发现，因此，混淆了对其在人类谱系中的前身和进化的任何理解。在这里，我们描述了一种声音现象，在野生类人猿与流离失所的参考无与伦比的亲和力。当暴露于捕食模型，苏门答腊猩猩母亲暂时抑制报警电话长达20分钟，直到模型是看不见的。受试者延迟他们的声音反应的功能，为自己感知的危险，但四个主要的预测压力为基础的机制没有得到满足。相反，声音延迟也是另一个婴儿感知危险的函数，这表明了高阶认知。我们的研究结果表明，语言中的移位参考很可能最初是在祖先原始人类的同类行为上附带的。
Wild orangutan mothers weigh the danger posed by predators and wait until it is safe to inform their dependent infants. One of the defining features of language is displaced reference—the capacity to transmit information about something that is not present or about a past or future event. It is very rare in nature and has not been shown in any nonhuman primate, confounding, as such, any understanding of its precursors and evolution in the human lineage. Here, we describe a vocal phenomenon in a wild great ape with unparalleled affinities with displaced reference. When exposed to predator models, Sumatran orangutan mothers temporarily suppressed alarm calls up to 20 min until the model was out of sight. Subjects delayed their vocal responses in function of perceived danger for themselves, but four major predictions for stress-based mechanisms were not met. Conversely, vocal delay was also a function of perceived danger for another—an infant—suggesting high-order cognition. Our findings suggest that displaced reference in language is likely to have originally piggybacked on akin behaviors in an ancestral hominid.
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