Health Before Patents: Challenging the Primacy of Intellectual Property Rights

Health Before Patents: Challenging the Primacy of Intellectual Property Rights
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健康优先于专利:挑战知识产权的首要地位

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-50445-2_2
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Saskia
Saskia
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Klaus Dieter;Scholz;Saskia

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本章探讨了国际专利保护与健康权之间的冲突。新兴国家及其民间社会盟友成功地发起了一场运动,反对1994年《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》所规定的知识产权保护规则。在这一对抗之后,世界贸易组织2001年在多哈举行的部长级会议商定改变《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》制度。此后,世界贸易规则将健康权置于知识产权权之上。人类免疫缺陷病毒危机、非政府组织的动员潜力、印度和巴西等新兴大国以及新的规范性话语(尤其是在西方)促成了全球卫生政治的这一变化。
This chapter examines the conflict between international patent protection and the right to health. A successful campaign was waged by emerging nations and their civil society allies against the rules governing the protection of intellectual property as defined by the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Following this confrontation, a change of the TRIPS regime was agreed at the World Trade Organization’s 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha. Since then, world trade rules have accorded the right to health precedence over the right to intellectual property. The human immunodeficiency virus crisis, the mobilising potential of non-governmental organisations, and rising powers such as India and Brazil as well as a new normative discourse, not least in the West, contributed to this change in global health politics.
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