Antarctic marine biodiversity and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Antarctic marine biodiversity and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001232
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发表时间：
2012-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Chown SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chown SL
最近的一项研究表明，南极深海热液喷口有丰富和不寻常的动物群落。这一发现突出了南极底栖生物对生物学理解的重要性。许多海洋底栖生物群体的多样性不同于大多数其他分类群。许多底栖生物在南大洋显示出高度的多样性，而不是从热带到两极逐渐减少。此外，许多物种是南极地区特有的。最近的工作表明，南极深海热液喷口群落也是如此。在地球仪的许多地点都记录了喷口生态系统，这些生态系统与在这些富含还原化合物和多金属硫化物的溪流周围发现的热环境和化学环境多变的生境有关，这些溪流通常温度较高。东斯科舍洋脊喷口生态系统的动物群落与其他地方的动物群落有很大不同，但构成喷口食物网基础的微生物群差异较小。深海热液喷口的生物学意义主要在于其生物多样性、其细菌的生物化学多样性、许多海洋动物与这些细菌之间的显著共生关系，以及对这些系统的调查为了解可能导致生命首次出现的条件所带来的前景。多样和不寻常的南极热液喷口生态系统的发现，为在这些领域的新认识提供了机会。此外，南纬60度以南的南极喷口受益于《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》和《南极条约》规定的自动养护。位于国际沃茨的其他深海热液喷口没有受到保护，可能会受到深海采矿利益日益增长的威胁。
A recent study has demonstrated that deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Antarctic have rich and unusual animal communities. This discovery highlights the importance of the Antarctic benthos for biological understanding. The diversity of many marine benthic groups is unlike that of most other taxa. Rather than declining from the tropics to the poles, much of the benthos shows high diversity in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, many species are unique to the Antarctic region. Recent work has shown that this is also true of the communities of Antarctic deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Vent ecosystems have been documented from many sites across the globe, associated with the thermally and chemically variable habitats found around these, typically high temperature, streams that are rich in reduced compounds and polymetallic sulphides. The animal communities of the East Scotia Ridge vent ecosystems are very different to those elsewhere, though the microbiota, which form the basis of vent food webs, show less differentiation. Much of the biological significance of deep-sea hydrothermal vents lies in their biodiversity, the diverse biochemistry of their bacteria, the remarkable symbioses among many of the marine animals and these bacteria, and the prospects that investigations of these systems hold for understanding the conditions that may have led to the first appearance of life. The discovery of diverse and unusual Antarctic hydrothermal vent ecosystems provides opportunities for new understanding in these fields. Moreover, the Antarctic vents south of 60°S benefit from automatic conservation under the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and the Antarctic Treaty. Other deep-sea hydrothermal vents located in international waters are not protected and may be threatened by growing interests in deep-sea mining.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.009
发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bachraty, C.;Legendre, P.;Desbruyeres, D.
通讯作者：
Desbruyeres, D.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Martinez, Fernando;Okino, Kyoko;Goffredi, Shana K.
通讯作者：
Goffredi, Shana K.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Griffiths HJ
通讯作者：
Griffiths HJ
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Devey, Colin W.;Fisher, Charles R.;Scott, Steven
通讯作者：
Scott, Steven
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Barnes, David K. A.;Griffiths, Huw J.
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Huw J.