An fMRI investigation of analogical mapping in metaphor comprehension: the influence of context and individual cognitive capacities on processing demands.
An fMRI investigation of analogical mapping in metaphor comprehension: the influence of context and individual cognitive capacities on processing demands.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026037
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Just, Marcel Adam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prat, Chantel S.;Mason, Robert A.;Just, Marcel Adam
本研究利用功能磁共振成像技术研究隐喻理解过程中类比映射的神经相关机制，重点探讨神经网络在不同加工需求和个体能力下的动态配置。不同词汇量和工作记忆容量的参与者阅读以"X是Y"形式的名义性批评话语结尾的3句话段落。加工需求是由不同的先前上下文操纵的。三个比喻条件操纵难度不同的程度，前面的上下文提到相关的语义特征，车辆和主题的批评话语彼此。在简单条件下，提到了支持信息。在中性条件下，没有提及相关信息。在最困难的情况下，相反的功能被提到，导致一个具有讽刺意味的解释的批评话语。第四，字面条件包括支持批评话语的字面解释的上下文。随着情境难度的增加，额叶外侧区和内侧区的激活增加。词汇量较低的阅读者在各种条件下的右额下回也有更大的激活。此外，容量分析显示，增加右颞顶叶交界处和上级内侧额叶激活的所有比喻条件比文字条件。从这个实验的结果表明，大脑皮层区域的动态招募在语言理解作为一个功能的处理任务的要求。认知能力的个体差异也与工作记忆和执行功能区域的招募和调节差异有关，突出了隐喻理解和一般思维和推理中的重叠计算。
This study used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of analogical mapping during metaphor comprehension, with a focus on dynamic configuration of neural networks with changing processing demands and individual abilities. Participants with varying vocabulary sizes and working memory capacities read 3-sentence passages ending in nominal critical utterances of the form “X is a Y.” Processing demands were manipulated by varying preceding contexts. Three figurative conditions manipulated difficulty by varying the extent to which preceding contexts mentioned relevant semantic features for relating the vehicle and topic of the critical utterance to one another. In the easy condition, supporting information was mentioned. In the neutral condition, no relevant information was mentioned. In the most difficult condition, opposite features were mentioned, resulting in an ironic interpretation of the critical utterance. A fourth, literal condition included context that supported a literal interpretation of the critical utterance. Activation in lateral and medial frontal regions increased with increasing contextual difficulty. Lower vocabulary readers also had greater activation across conditions in the right inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, volumetric analyses showed increased right temporo-parietal junction and superior medial frontal activation for all figurative conditions over the literal condition. The results from this experiment imply that the cortical regions are dynamically recruited in language comprehension as a function of the processing demands of a task. Individual differences in cognitive capacities were also associated with differences in recruitment and modulation of working memory and executive function regions, highlighting the overlapping computations in metaphor comprehension and general thinking and reasoning.
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