BicaudalD actively regulates microtubule motor activity in lipid droplet transport.

BicaudalD actively regulates microtubule motor activity in lipid droplet transport.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0003763
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Gross SP
Gross SP
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Larsen KS;Xu J;Cermelli S;Shu Z;Gross SP

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许多亚细胞器的定位,以及基本上所有负端细胞器的运输,都依赖于细胞质动力蛋白,但动力蛋白的功能是如何调节的还不是很清楚。BicD被证实在介导动力蛋白功能方面发挥关键作用--BicD的丢失会导致细胞核、mRNA颗粒和分散的高尔基体不正确地定位--然而,BicD的确切作用尚不清楚。尽管如此,人们普遍认为BicD可能会将动力蛋白与货物捆绑在一起。在这里,我们使用生物物理和生化研究相结合的方法来研究BicD在果蝇胚胎发育过程中脂滴运输的作用。BicD的功能丧失损害了胚胎控制液滴运输净方向的能力;发育控制的运输逆转被消除。我们发现,最小的BicD表达(近BicDull)减少了基于正负末端定向微管(MT)的运输的平均行程长度。一个影响BicD N末端的点突变在细胞化过程中对运输的影响非常相似(第二阶段),但在第三阶段(原肠形成)运动实际上看起来比野生型更好。我们的数据揭示了BicD在主动调节运输方面的新的动态作用,而不是BicD功能的简单静态系留模型,或者仅在货物的初始动力蛋白募集中的作用。脂滴是双向运动的,我们的研究表明,BicD在平衡正端和负端马达控制净运输方向的相对贡献方面发挥着关键的--和时间上的变化--作用。我们的结果表明,虽然BicD可能有助于动力蛋白在货物中的招募,但它并不是动力蛋白定位所必需的,它显然有助于调节,帮助发动机的激活/失活。
A great deal of sub-cellular organelle positioning, and essentially all minus-ended organelle transport, depends on cytoplasmic dynein, but how dynein's function is regulated is not well understood. BicD is established to play a critical role in mediating dynein function—loss of BicD results in improperly localized nuclei, mRNA particles, and a dispersed Golgi apparatus—however exactly what BicD's role is remains unknown. Nonetheless, it is widely believed that BicD may act to tether dynein to cargos. Here we use a combination of biophysical and biochemical studies to investigate BicD's role in lipid droplet transport during Drosophila embryogenesis. Functional loss of BicD impairs the embryo's ability to control the net direction of droplet transport; the developmentally controlled reversal in transport is eliminated. We find that minimal BicD expression (near-BicDnull) decreases the average run length of both plus and minus end directed microtubule (MT) based transport. A point mutation affecting the BicD N-terminus has very similar effects on transport during cellularization (phase II), but in phase III (gastrulation) motion actually appears better than in the wild-type. In contrast to a simple static tethering model of BicD function, or a role only in initial dynein recruitment to the cargo, our data uncovers a new dynamic role for BicD in actively regulating transport. Lipid droplets move bi-directionally, and our investigations demonstrate that BicD plays a critical—and temporally changing—role in balancing the relative contributions of plus-end and minus-end motors to control the net direction of transport. Our results suggest that while BicD might contribute to recruitment of dynein to the cargo it is not absolutely required for such dynein localization, and it clearly contributes to regulation, helping activation/inactivation of the motors.
Dynein介导的体内货物运输。开关控制旅行距离。
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影响因子: 7.8
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