Genetics, genomics and evolution of ergot alkaloid diversity.
Genetics, genomics and evolution of ergot alkaloid diversity.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins7041273
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发表时间：
2015-04-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jaromczyk J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Young CA;Schardl CL;Panaccione DG;Florea S;Takach JE;Charlton ND;Moore N;Webb JS;Jaromczyk J
麦角生物碱生物合成系统已成为研究特化（次级）代谢产物进化多样性的极好模型。这是一类非常多样化的生物碱，具有各种神经营养活性，由子囊菌门的几个目的真菌产生，包括棒菌科中的植物病原体和保护性植物共生体。比较基因组学和生物信息学基因组学分析的结果揭示了产生麦角生物碱多样性的三个进化过程的多个例子：基因获得、基因丢失和基因序列变化，这些变化导致它们编码的酶的底物或产物特异性改变（新功能化）。染色体末端似乎是基因获得、丢失和重排的特别有效的引擎，但不一定是新功能化。基因表达的变化可能导致各种途径中间产物的积累，并影响不同麦角生物碱的水平。与Epichloë物种种间杂种相关的遗传变异表明，这种变异也是选择性的。麦角生物碱的巨大结构多样性可能代表了通过影响生物谱和防御草食动物的机制来适应各种各样的生态环境，如在医学中使用的麦角生物碱的不同药理作用所证明的。
The ergot alkaloid biosynthesis system has become an excellent model to study evolutionary diversification of specialized (secondary) metabolites. This is a very diverse class of alkaloids with various neurotropic activities, produced by fungi in several orders of the phylum Ascomycota, including plant pathogens and protective plant symbionts in the family Clavicipitaceae. Results of comparative genomics and phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple examples of three evolutionary processes that have generated ergot-alkaloid diversity: gene gains, gene losses, and gene sequence changes that have led to altered substrates or product specificities of the enzymes that they encode (neofunctionalization). The chromosome ends appear to be particularly effective engines for gene gains, losses and rearrangements, but not necessarily for neofunctionalization. Changes in gene expression could lead to accumulation of various pathway intermediates and affect levels of different ergot alkaloids. Genetic alterations associated with interspecific hybrids of Epichloë species suggest that such variation is also selectively favored. The huge structural diversity of ergot alkaloids probably represents adaptations to a wide variety of ecological situations by affecting the biological spectra and mechanisms of defense against herbivores, as evidenced by the diverse pharmacological effects of ergot alkaloids used in medicine.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gerhards N;Neubauer L;Tudzynski P;Li SM
通讯作者：
Li SM
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Blin K;Medema MH;Kazempour D;Fischbach MA;Breitling R;Takano E;Weber T
通讯作者：
Weber T
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Gao Q;Jin K;Ying SH;Zhang Y;Xiao G;Shang Y;Duan Z;Hu X;Xie XQ;Zhou G;Peng G;Luo Z;Huang W;Wang B;Fang W;Wang S;Zhong Y;Ma LJ;St Leger RJ;Zhao GP;Pei Y;Feng MG;Xia Y;Wang C
通讯作者：
Wang C
影响因子：
3
作者：
Haarmann, Thomas;Lorenz, Nicole;Tudzynski, Paul
通讯作者：
Tudzynski, Paul
影响因子：
--
作者：
Havemann, Judith;Vogel, Dominik;Keller, Ulrich
通讯作者：
Keller, Ulrich