Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions.

Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4
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发表时间:
2022-06
影响因子:
36.3
通讯作者:
Stahl, Shannon S.
Stahl, Shannon S.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Golden, Dung L.;Suh, Sung-Eun;Stahl, Shannon S.

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C─H官能化反应在复杂有机分子的制备和改性中发挥着越来越重要的作用,包括药物、农药和聚合物前体。近年来,由氢原子转移(HAT)引发并通过开壳层自由基中间体进行的自由基C─H官能化反应得到了迅速发展。这些方法为C(sp3)─H键的功能化提供了战略机会。例子包括自由基链反应性和仿生自由基反弹反应的合成有用的进展。然而,越来越多的反应通过“自由基中继”进行,由此HAT产生可扩散的自由基,该自由基被单独的试剂或催化剂官能化。后者的方法提供了基础,通用的C-H交叉偶联方法与不同的合作伙伴。在本综述中,最近的自由基链和自由基反弹方法的亮点提供了一个新兴的自由基中继方法,大大扩展了分子间C(sp3)─H官能化和交叉偶联的范围和实用性的调查背景。自由基反应途径已经充分发展,C(sp3)─H键现在可以被视为合成有机化学中键形成的战略“试剂”。本综述着重介绍了C(sp3)-H官能化和交叉偶联反应的不同方法,强调自由基中继反应。
C─H functionalization reactions are playing an increasing role in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer precursors. Radical C─H functionalization reactions, initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and proceeding via open-shell radical intermediates, have been expanding rapidly in recent years. These methods introduce strategic opportunities to functionalize C(sp3)─H bonds. Examples include synthetically useful advances in radical-chain reactivity and biomimetic radical-rebound reactions. A growing number of reactions, however, proceed via "radical relay" whereby HAT generates a diffusible radical that is functionalized by a separate reagent or catalyst. The latter methods provide the basis for versatile C─H cross-coupling methods with diverse partners. In the present review, highlights of recent radical-chain and radical-rebound methods provide context for a survey of emerging radical-relay methods, which greatly expand the scope and utility of intermolecular C(sp3)─H functionalization and cross coupling. Radical reaction pathways have evolved sufficiently that C(sp3)─H bonds may now be viewed as strategic "reagents" for bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. This Review highlights the diverse approaches for C(sp3)–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions, emphasizing radical-relay reactions.
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