Broadleaf seedling responses to warmer temperatures “chilled” by late frost that favors conifers
Broadleaf seedling responses to warmer temperatures “chilled” by late frost that favors conifers
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阔叶幼苗对晚霜“寒冷”的温暖温度的反应有利于针叶树
DOI：
10.1007/s10342-014-0786-6
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ammer C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisichelli N;Ammer C
气候变化不仅包括平均条件的变化，还包括极端天气事件发生频率和时间的变化。树苗作为未来潜在的覆盖层，正在应对平均和极端条件的选择压力。我们研究了平均气温的升高和晚春霜冻的发生如何影响中欧常见的 13 种本地和非本地阔叶树和针叶树种的出苗、发育、生长和生存。应用了三种温度水平（环境、+3 和 +6°C）和三种春季霜冻处理（对照、晚期和极晚）。阔叶树和针叶树种第一年幼苗对温暖温度的发育反应在方向和幅度上相似。对于大多数物种来说，茎的大小也随着平均温度的升高而增加，尽管在最温暖的处理下阔叶树种比针叶树种具有最大的高度优势。阔叶树和针叶树对霜冻的敏感性差异很大。由于霜冻事件，阔叶树的存活率和茎长度显着下降，而针叶树物种的存活率仅略有下降。重要的是，由于温度升高而导致的更快的发育和更早的落叶与阔叶树种霜冻死亡率增加有关，但针叶树种死亡率降低。这项研究表明，极端事件可能会减缓平均气温升高所青睐的物种组成方向的变化，因此，必须承认此类天气事件的发生和影响，并将其纳入研究和森林规划中。
Climate change includes not only shifts in mean conditions but also changes in the frequency and timing of extreme weather events. Tree seedlings, as the potential future overstory, are responding to the selective pressures of both mean and extreme conditions. We investigated how increases in mean temperature and the occurrence of late spring frosts affect emergence, development, growth, and survival of 13 native and non-native broadleaf and conifer tree species common in central Europe. Three temperature levels (ambient, +3, and +6 °C) and three spring frost treatments (control, late, and very late) were applied. Development responses of first-year seedlings to warmer temperatures were similar in direction and magnitude for broadleaf and conifer species. Stem size also increased with rising mean temperature for most species, though broadleaf species had maximal height advantage over conifer species in the warmest treatment. Sensitivity to frost differed sharply between the broadleaf and conifer groups. Broadleaf survival and stem length exhibited strong reductions due to frost events while conifer species only showed minor decreases in survival. Importantly, more rapid development and earlier leaf-out in response to warmer temperatures were associated with increased mortality from frost for broadleaf species but decreased mortality for conifer species. This research suggests that compositional shifts in the direction of species favored by increasing mean temperatures may be slowed by extreme events, and thus, the occurrence and impacts of such weather events must be acknowledged and incorporated into research and forest planning.
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