Regional Variation in Contractile Patterns and Muscle Activity in Infant Pig Feeding.
Regional Variation in Contractile Patterns and Muscle Activity in Infant Pig Feeding.
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DOI：
10.1093/iob/obac046
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发表时间：
2022
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影响因子：
--
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在整个肌肉的水平上，活动期间的收缩模式是功能变化的关键和必要的来源。了解肌肉是否主动延长、缩短或保持等长状态，对于它如何为特定行为提供动力具有重要意义。进食时，与舌头、下颌、咽部和舌骨相关的肌肉共同作用，将食物通过口腔输送到食道。这些肌肉具有高度协调的放电模式，但在活动时间和活动时的收缩特征方面也表现出高度的区域异质性。这些高水平的变异使得对功能的研究具有挑战性，特别是在肌肉驱动多种行为的系统中。我们使用幼猪作为模型系统，系统地评估两种活动（吸吮和吞咽）期间两块肌肉（下颌舌骨肌和颏舌肌）的肌肉放电模式的变化。我们还评估了下颌舌骨肌前部和后部区域活动期间的收缩特征。我们发现，在吸吮和吞咽过程中，两块肌肉的后部区域有不同的活动模式，而肌肉的前部区域则没有。此外，下颌舌骨肌前部在吸吮过程中活跃时表现出同心收缩，而后部在吸吮和吞咽过程中呈等长收缩。这种差异表明，幼猪的下颌舌骨前部与舌头和颌协同作用以产生吸力，而后部可能在吸吮和吞咽过程中充当舌骨稳定器。我们的结果表明，需要评估肌肉的收缩特征和活动模式，以了解其功能，特别是在单块肌肉内任一因素可能发生变化的情况下。
At the level of the whole muscle, contractile patterns during activity are a critical and necessary source of variation in function. Understanding if a muscle is actively lengthening, shorting, or remaining isometric has implications for how it is working to power a given behavior. When feeding, the muscles associated with the tongue, jaws, pharynx, and hyoid act together to transport food through the oral cavity and into the esophagus. These muscles have highly coordinated firing patterns, yet also exhibit high levels of regional heterogeneity in both their timing of activity and their contractile characteristics when active. These high levels of variation make investigations into function challenging, especially in systems where muscles power multiple behaviors. We used infant pigs as a model system to systematically evaluate variation in muscle firing patterns in two muscles (mylohyoid and genioglossus) during two activities (sucking and swallowing). We also evaluated the contractile characteristics of mylohyoid during activity in the anterior and posterior regions of the muscle. We found that the posterior regions of both muscles had different patterns of activity during sucking versus swallowing, whereas the anterior regions of the muscles did not. Furthermore, the anterior portion of mylohyoid exhibited concentric contractions when active during sucking, whereas the posterior portion was isometric during sucking and swallowing. This difference suggests that the anterior portion of mylohyoid in infant pigs is functioning in concert with the tongue and jaws to generate suction, whereas the posterior portion is likely acting as a hyoid stabilizer during sucking and swallowing. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate both the contractile characteristics and activity patterns of a muscle in order to understand its function, especially in cases where there is potential for variation in either factor within a single muscle.
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